Dave Clarke¹, Eileen Bresnan², Maud Lemoine³, Raffaele Siano⁴, Alexandra Silva⁵, Anke Kremp⁶, Allan Cembella⁷, Sara Harðardóttir⁸, Andre Goncalves⁵, Esther Garcés⁹, Cynthia McKenzie¹⁰, Donald M Anderson¹¹, Per Andersen¹², Adam Lewis¹³, Justyna Kobos¹⁴, Keith Davidson Prof¹⁵, April McKinney¹⁶, Bengt Karlson¹⁷, Maarten De Rijcke¹⁸, Diana Vaiciute¹⁹, Margarita Fernández Tejedor²⁰, Sanna Suikkanen²¹, Sirje Sildever²², Henrik Enevoldsen²³, Karl Andree²⁰, Lars Naustvoll²⁴, Magda Vila²⁵, Marnix Poelman²⁶, Monica Campas²⁷, Peter Miller²⁸, Sarah Swan¹⁵, Sólvá Jacobsen²⁹, Wenche Eikrem³⁰, Yolanda Pazos³¹, Yun Sun²³, Pieter Provoost³² and ICES-IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics, (1)Irish Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland, (2)Marine Directorate, Scottish Government, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, (3)IFREMER, Plouzané, France, (4)Ifremer, DYNECO, Plouzané, 29280, France, Plouzané, France, (5)Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisboa, Portugal, (6)Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Biological Oceanography, Rostock, Germany, (7)Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany, (8)Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Environmental division HAFRO, Reykjavik, Iceland, (9)Institut de Ciencies del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain, (10)Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St Johns, Canada, (11)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (12)Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark, (13)Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, United Kingdom, (14)University of Gdañsk, Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Gdansk, Poland, (15)Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom, (16)Agri-Food Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom, (17)Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden, (18)Flanders Marine Institute, Ostend, Belgium, (19)Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania, (20)Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain, (21)Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland, (22)Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, (23)UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Paris Cedex 15, France, (24)Institute of Marine Research Bergen, Bergen, Norway, (25)Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, (26)Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands, (27)Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain, (28)Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (29)Faroe Marine Research Institute, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, (30)Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway, (31)Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain, (32)UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Oostende, Belgium