Dujuan Kang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Oceanography, Shanghai, China, Wanli Xiang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, Enrique N Curchitser, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Department of Environmental Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States and Mehmet Ilicak, Istanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey