Zihua Liu¹, Dennis Joseph McGillicuddy Jr², Ken Buesseler³, Weifeng Gordon Zhang⁴, Keith T Lindsay⁵, Riyanka Roy Chowdhury⁶, Kristen M. Krumhardt⁷, Charles A Stock⁸, John P Dunne⁹, Xiao Liu⁸ and Kyung-Min Noh¹⁰, (1)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States, (2)Woods Hole Oeanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (3)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (4)WHOI, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, United States, (5)NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)UCAR Center for Science Education, Boulder, CO, UNITED STATES, (7)NCAR, Boulder, United States, (8)NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, United States, (9)NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynamic, Princeton, United States, (10)NOAA GFDL, Princeton, United States