40 years of observations reveal the drivers of kelp forest spatial synchrony and the consequences for coastal ecosystem structure and function

Max Castorani1, Tom W. Bell2, Kyle Cavanaugh3, Jenifer Dugan4, Kyle Emery, PhD4, David Hubbard4, Vadim Karatayev5, Amanda Lohmann1, Daniel C Reuman6, Lawrence W Sheppard7 and Jonathan A Walter8, (1)University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Charlottesville, United States, (2)University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Geography, Los Angeles, United States, (4)University of California Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara, United States, (5)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, United States, (6)University of Kansas, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, United States, (7)Marine Biological Association UK, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (8)Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States