Membrane applications include gas separation, water purification and fuel cell electrolytes. H2 purification may occur directly with inorganic micro-porous membranes, and indirectly with a CO2-selective polymer membrane. Water purification is achieved with a solution-diffusion mechanism in dense polymer membranes, or highly permeable mesoporous membranes that show space charge selectivity. Polymer electrolytes with –SO3H groups offer a cost-effective approach for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Zirconia, Zeolite L and Y membranes with optimum layer formation conditions offer promise for fuel cell and separation applications.

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