Optimization and Scale-up of 4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-Azoxyfurazan (DAAF)through the Use of Real-Time Analytical Tools

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The Joint Insensitive Munitions Technology Program (JIMTP) has invested in the development of explosive formulations using 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-azoxyfurazan (DAAF). Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (IHD NSWC) collaborated in the synthesis and scale-up of DAAF as well as a formulation effort that has evaluated DAAF as an IM explosive. The synthesis to DAAF was modified1 and results in pure product of sufficient particle size for LANL's formulation efforts. The synthesis utilizes commercially available reagents including water, OxoneŽ and aqueous buffer. The process was evaluated in detail with relevant factors being identified including pH of the aqueous media during the reaction and temperature. The process was also developed with an eye towards continuous manufacture based on the engineering challenges including pH controlled feedback loop and low concentration of product produced per reactor volume. The investigators will share the details of the engineering assessment, laboratory experimentation to obtain process understanding, process and equipment designs and product quality. An overview of costs associated with future manufacture of DAAF will also be presented.

1 US Patent 6358339 - Use of 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-azoxyfurazan and 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-azofurazan as insensitive high explosive materials