Time-Resolved Methodology Development in Biological SAXS

With the development in data modeling methods and next-generation synchrotrons, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has become a powerful technique for structural biology, allowing low-resolution shape determination of solution-state biomaterials. The PETRA III synchrotron (DESY, Hamburg, Germany) provides the opportunity to perform time-resolved biological SAXS measurements. Using microfluidic devices that can perform precise mixing of small volumes, the kinetics of biological reactions can be resolved. An optimized scheme for millisecond synchronization on the P12 beamline is presented. The results from time-resolved studies of protein folding and drug-delivery kinetics are presented.