Examples of site specific factors include the following:

• Facility footprint; equipment spacing and layout

• Existing infrastructure such as pipelines for natural gas and LPG

• Single site vs. Split site terminal

• Site accessibility to external waste heat sources such as power plants, refineries, etc.

• Natural hazards; seismic activity, severe weather or sea states

• Stability of subsoils; settlement during facility life

• Proximity to the public, shipping lanes, and air traffic

• Global and internal security

This paper will focus on the following considerations:

• Effect on rollover potential of feedstock composition and variability

• Identification of design basis LNG spill scenarios, spill collection and disposal

• Methods of BTU control and potential for LPG spills

• Unloading facilities including the design of unloading arms and headers to minimize spill size

• Design of LNG spill containment systems to minimize thermal radiation and flammable gas exclusion zones

• Choice of insulating concrete properties

• Judicious use of secondary and tertiary containment

• Overboard discharge of LNG during a spill event, including RPT overpressures

• Type of piping (for example, above ground or buried, single or vacuum-jacketed, etc.) including upgraded specifications for FRP piping

• High pressure LNG pipe work blow down and isolation

• Type of LNG storage tanks and ancillary equipment

• Effects of LNG high pressure pumping system on safety

• Selection of vaporizers and heating media including waste heat recovery systems

• Vapor fences

• Use of water curtains to disperse cold LNG vapors

• Integrated fire protection and risk management strategies

Where appropriate, advantages of design solutions will be illustrated with consequence modeling.