Peanut or groundnut, a major sources of vegetable oil (48%) and protein (25%), is grown in >100 countries of the semi-arid tropics of the world. In addition to genome complexity and narrow genetic base, this crop faces several challenges leading to yield loss and quality deterioration. Genomics has great potential in enhancing the genetic gains and facilitating development of improved high yielding cultivars with genetic resilience against different stresses. Availability of genome sequence for both the diploid genome progenitors of cultivated peanut in this year may further provide much needed impetus for accelerated gene discovery and deployment. We have developed 58K “Axiom_Arachis” SNP chip using genome re-sequencing or transcriptome sequencing of several accessions of tetraploid as well as diploid species. We also have embarked upon developing genetic populations involving multiple parents to harness genetic diversity for conducting high-resolution mapping. Using sequencing and high throughput genotyping, candidate genomic regions and genes have been identified for foliar disease resistance. We have achieved significant success with the available genetic and genomic resources trait mapping using either bi-parental populations or germplasm sets. As a result, we successfully identified genomic regions and developed diagnostic markers for foliar diseases. The deployment of linked markers for foliar disease resistance and high oleate have resulted in development of improved lines with enhanced disease resistance and oil quality. The phenotype confirmation and yield assessment of introgression lines showed good results and may be released as varieties for cultivation in the farmers ‘field. Emphasis is now use of new structural and functional genomics approaches for enhancing understanding of complex traits and deployment of genomic selection breeding for improving complex traits in peanut.
