Convergent Evolution and Allopolyploid Speciation in the Family of the Model Moss, Physcomitrella

The Physcomitrium-Physcomitrella species complex harbours many lineages of polyploid origin and nature. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and SSR markers confirm a polyphyletic origin for three cryptic Physcomitrella species. Differences in the conservation of mitochondrial editing sites further support hybridization and cryptic speciation within this species complex. Secondary reduction of sporophyte complexity in these species is probably due to the establishment of an ecological niche, namely spores resting in mud and spore dispersal by migratory birds. Besides the Physcomitrium-Physcomitrella species complex, the Funariaceae are host to their type species, Funaria hygrometrica, featuring a complex sporophyte morphology. We shall present novel data on trait evolution (sporophyte reduction) within the Funariaceae.