Solar flares are fundamentally multi-scale phenomena that result from the dramatic and dynamic evolution of the Sun’s atmosphere and magnetic field, from photosphere through corona. Flares are now being observed with unprecedented spatial resolution at very high cadence, and sometimes from multiple viewpoints, providing remarkable new insights into flare energetics and evolution. Recent exciting observations include those from Solar Orbiter’s coordinated major flare campaigns, from IRIS’ high-cadence campaigns, and from ground-based observatories such as DKIST, SST and BBSO. These observations are challenging longstanding views of the flare energy release, transport and dissipation process, and have further revealed the significant sub-structure appearing within flare sources. Equal advancements in flare modeling are required to interpret the observations, and to demonstrate what future observations are required. We seek abstracts covering fine-scale flare structures, rapid temporal evolution, and future prospects for flare-optimized observations. Observational, modeling, instrumentation, and theoretical studies are all applicable and welcomed.