Sustainable groundwater management is essential for water resource planning in Meghalaya, characterized by complex hydrogeology, high rainfall variability, rugged terrain, and strong dependence on springs. Despite being home to one of the wettest places on Earth, the state faces water scarcity during lean periods, as nearly 80% of the rural population relies on springs for domestic and agricultural needs. Groundwater occurs in fractured hard rocks, karstic limestone, and weathered zones, forming localized aquifers.

An integrated approach combining geological analysis, hydrogeological investigations, geophysical surveys, remote sensing, Geographic Information System, and UAV/drone-based mapping is used to identify springs and delineate recharge zones with high spatial accuracy. These assessments support interventions such as spring rejuvenation, artificial recharge, and sustainable abstraction. Community-based springshed management, integrating traditional knowledge with scientific tools, enhances resilience, strengthens local governance, and ensures long-term water security in mountainous regions.

• DI - Study of the Earth's Deep Interior
• EP - Earth and Planetary Surface Processes
• NH - Natural Hazards
• S - Seismology