Significant scientific discoveries have historically emerged from challenges in experimental and theoretical advancement. Recently upgraded fourth-generation synchrotrons and free‑electron laser facilities have enabled unique technical capabilities for in situ diagnostics of mineral properties and structural modeling under extreme pressure, temperature, and stress conditions across multiple time-domain modes. Extending the spatial and energy resolution limits of X-ray and optical techniques facilitates experiments at instrumental boundaries, providing access to the most complex regions of Earth and planetary interiors. Pioneering theoretical computations, based on experimental data and accelerated by artificial intelligence, allow evaluation of plausible scenarios describing micro- and macroscopic processes across various time scales. This session invites contributions on cutting-edge static and dynamic experiments, along with innovative computational and analytical approaches that address physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme conditions, advancing understanding of the evolution, structure, and dynamics of Earth’s interior and other planetary bodies.

• DI - Study of the Earth's Deep Interior