Over the past two decades, growing recognition of shifting baselines, spatial variability, and the value of long-duration ocean observations has driven expansion of long-term mobile and stationary ocean observatories, including ARGO, ONC, OOI, and more. These observatories have produced essential time-series data in ecologically and economically critical, and often understudied, marine environments. They also catalyzed major innovations  in engineering and data science, including development of robust hardware that can withstand years on the seafloor and survive severe surface conditions, methods to mitigate drift and biofouling over extended deployments, software and machine learning algorithms designed to handle the high volume and frequency of real-time data streams, and procedures to ensure long-term storage, quality control, processing, and delivery of enormous quantities of diverse instrument data. This session highlights advances in ocean observing technology and data processing tools, emphasizing best practices and the sometimes unanticipated scientific and operational benefits of long-term ocean observatories.

• B - Biogeosciences
• GC - Global Environmental Change
• IN - Informatics