Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is the fastest-growing long-lived greenhouse gas and a major driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. As atmospheric N₂O concentrations continue to rise, persistent uncertainties in quantifying sources, attributing drivers, and constraining climate feedbacks impede the development of effective mitigation strategies. This session invites contributions that advance robust, uncertainty-aware estimates of N₂O emissions across scales to improve global and regional budget assessments and inform effective mitigation. We particularly encourage studies that distinguish anthropogenic and natural sources, quantify nitrogen-climate interactions, and assess the effectiveness, scalability, and co-benefits of mitigation and abatement strategies. We welcome diverse approaches, including atmospheric inversions, process-based modeling (terrestrial, freshwater, and ocean systems), remote sensing, AI/ML, isotope techniques, field observations, and model–data integration. Contributions tracking progress toward the UNFCCC Global Stocktake are encouraged. Research presented in this session will contribute to updated global N₂O budget assessments coordinated by Global Carbon Project and International Nitrogen Initiative.