Achievements in hydrology increasingly depends on our ability to accurately observe and model soil moisture dynamics across scales. In situ soil moisture monitoring provides high‑resolution insight into the temporal and spatial variability that underpins land–atmosphere interactions, water resource management, and agricultural decision‑making. This session highlights the value of sustained in situ observations when integrated with advanced modeling, demonstrating how these combined approaches improve process understanding, reduce uncertainty in remote sensing products, and support more robust predictions of soil moisture state. Examples from ongoing field networks and modeling studies illustrate the scientific and practical benefits of maintaining long‑term, high‑quality soil moisture measurements within diverse landscapes.

• A - Atmospheric Sciences
• GC - Global Environmental Change