Subsurface processes, such as fluid flows, solute transport, and biogeochemical activities in geological formations, have practical applications to many energy production and storage processes, such as geothermal recovery, generation of geologic hydrogen, subsurface hydrogen storage, carbon sequestration, and geological disposal of nuclear waste. Particularly, large-scale production and storage of renewable energy resources, such as geothermal and hydrogen, are critical to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the transition to economy-wide net-zero or net-negative carbon emissions. For example, hydrogen storage in geological formations, such as depleted natural gas reservoirs, is a promising solution to addressing challenges caused by the imbalance between energy production and consumption. Successful subsurface energy production and storage require an advanced understanding of energy assessment, storage, and technology acceleration. The potential topics in this session include, but are not limited to:

1. Subsurface hydrogen production
2. Natural and stimulated hydrogen
3. Geothermal
4. Carbon sequestration
5. Nuclear waste disposal

• H - Hydrology
• NG - Nonlinear Geophysics