S021
How do earthquakes start?
Session ID#: 74342
Session Description:
While a number of physical processes and properties, such as fault frictional/structural heterogeneity, the presence of fluids, thermal effects, aseismic deformation, as well as static and dynamic stress changes, have been proposed to play a role in the nucleation and triggering of earthquakes, their relative significance and relevant spatial and temporal scales remain uncertain. We welcome experimental, theoretical and observational studies that explore and provide constraints on the mechanisms and conditions that are critical for understanding how ruptures begin, including but not limited to the following questions: (1) To what degree and at what spatio-temporal scales does heterogeneity impact nucleation? (2) Under what conditions do fluids induce unstable slip? (3) What role do static/dynamic stress changes play in promoting seismicity? (4) What is the relationship between aseismic deformation and earthquake nucleation? (5) Why do some ruptures accelerate and become large dynamic events while others remain small or aseismic?
Co-Organized:
Index Terms:
1242 Seismic cycle related deformations [GEODESY AND GRAVITY]
7209 Earthquake dynamics [SEISMOLOGY]
7230 Seismicity and tectonics [SEISMOLOGY]
8118 Dynamics and mechanics of faulting [TECTONOPHYSICS]
Primary Convener: Valere Lambert, California Institute of Technology, Seismological Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
Conveners: Yihe Huang, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Thomas Goebel, University of California, Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA, United States and Zachary E. Ross, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
Primary Liaison: Valere Lambert, California Institute of Technology, Seismological Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
Direct Observation of Co-seismic Deformation at 1.5km Depth: The EGS Collab Fracture Stimulation Test (496949)
Martin Schoenball1, Yves Guglielmi2, Jonathan Blair Ajo-Franklin3, Paul J Cook1, Patrick F Dobson4, Timothy J Kneafsey1, Hunter Knox5, Paul Schwering5, Florian Soom6, Craig Ulrich1 and EGS Collab Team, (1)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (3)Rice University, Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Department, Houston, TX, United States, (4)Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States, (5)Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States, (6)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Berkeley, CA, United States
DEM Simulations of Earthquake Cycles along Strike-Slip Faults: Controls on the Slow-Slip Nucleation of Earthquakes (497172)
Yannick Pierre Caniven1,2, Julia Morgan2, David Garrett Blank2 and Rodolphe Cattin1, (1)University of Montpellier, Géosciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France, (2)Rice University, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
Spatio-temporal evolution of pre-seismic slip prior to the 2014 Iquique earthquake (498346)
Cedric Twardzik, Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg Cedex, France, Zacharie Duputel, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, UMR-7516, Strasbourg, France and Romain Jolivet, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, Département de Géosciences, Paris, France
Seismic Velocity Monitoring of Natural Faults: The FaultScan Project (498519)
Florent Brenguier1, Yehuda Ben-Zion2, Frank Vernon3, Pierre Boué1, Christopher W Johnson4 and Aurelien Mordret5, (1)Université Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, Grenoble, France, (2)University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, (4)Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States, (5)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
Rupture nucleation in laboratory earthquakes (502196)
Shahar Gvirtzman, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel and Jay Fineberg, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel
Seismic velocity changes over 10 years correlate the micro-seismicity evolution at the Irpinia Fault System (Southern Italy) (505340)
Grazia De Landro1, Raffaella Esposito1, Ortensia Amoroso2, Guido Russo1 and Aldo Zollo3, (1)The University of Naples Federico II, Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, Naples, Italy, (2)University of Salerno, Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, Salerno, Italy, (3)University of Naples Federico II, Department of Physics, Naples, Italy
Earthquake rupture modeling of rough fault in lab experiments. (534360)
Percy Galvez, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; ETH Zurich, Earth Science, Zurich, Switzerland, Paul Selvadurai, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Daniel B Peter, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Physical Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia and Paul Martin Mai, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Migratory versus self-nucleation (Invited) (538268)
Emily E Brodsky1, Grace Barcheck2, Matt A King3, Slawek M Tulaczyk1 and Patrick M Fulton2, (1)University of California Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA, United States, (2)Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, (3)University of Tasmania, Surveying and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Poisson′s Ratio Variations of Crustal Media before and after Xinyuan-Hejing Ms6.6 Earthquake in 2012 (539626)
Mingshuai Tang1, Hai-tao Wang2, Yunyun Wei1, Can Ge3 and Yan-yong Li1, (1)Earthquake Agency of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China, (2)China Earthquake Network Center, Beijing, China, (3)HeFei University of Technology, HeFei, China
How do Earthquakes Evolve? (543878)
Paul A Johnson, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences: Geophysics (EES-17), Los Alamos, NM, United States, Bertrand Rouet-Leduc, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States and Claudia Hulbert, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, United States
Accelerating foreshocks of crustal earthquakes controlled by frictional heterogeneities (571657)
Yoshihiro Kaneko1, Nealey E Sims2, Stephen G Holtkamp3 and Carl Tape2, (1)GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, (2)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (3)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
Injection test results on fault stability using a 3-components borehole deformation sensor in the non-active segment extending south of Shionohira Fault, NE Japan (578911)
Kazuhiro Aoki1, Tanaka Yukumo1, Takumi Yoshida1, Kazuyoshi Seshimo1, Yves Guglielmi2, Paul J Cook2 and Florian Soom3, (1)Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Construction, Tokai, Japan, (2)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (3)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Berkeley, CA, United States
Foreshock dynamics controls by stress heterogeneity: an experimental approach. (585329)
Samson Benjamin Marty1, Alexandre Schubnel1, Blandine Gardonio2, Harsha S. Bhat3, Jérôme Aubry1, Eiichi Fukuyama4 and Raul I Madariaga5, (1)Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, Laboratoire de Géologie, Paris, France, (2)Ecole Normale Superieure, Geosciences, Paris, France, (3)Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Géosciences, Paris, France, (4)NIED, Ibaraki, Japan, (5)Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, Paris, France
Investigating Dynamic Triggering of Megathrust Earthquakes Using Discrete Element Simulations (601134)
David Garrett Blank1, Julia Morgan1 and Yannick Pierre Caniven2, (1)Rice University, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Houston, TX, United States, (2)University of Montpellier, Géosciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Implications of source complexity on earthquake rupture and interactions within Mendocino Triple Junction (604448)
Xiaowei Chen1, Qimin Wu2 and Colin Pennington1, (1)University of Oklahoma Norman Campus, School of Geosciences, Norman, OK, United States, (2)Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
