Wesley Martin¹, Jay Johnson², Lei Cheng³, Yu Lin⁴, Simon Wing⁵, Xueyi Wang⁴, J D Perez⁴ and Xu Zhang⁶, (1)Andrews University, Physics Department, Berrien Springs, MI, United States, (2)Andrews University, Department of Engineering, Berrien Springs, MI, United States, (3)Florida Institute of Technology, Physics Department, Melbourne, FL, United States, (4)Auburn University, Physics Department, Auburn, AL, United States, (5)Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, (6)University of California Los Angeles, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Pavithra Ganesh Srinivas and Edmund A Spencer, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States

Alessandro Retino, CNRS, Paris Cedex 16, France, Hugo Breuillard, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Saint-Maur Des Fossés Cedex, France, Romain Dupuis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Olivier Le Contel, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (UMR7648), CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Univ. Paris Sud/Obs. de Paris, Paris, France, Jorge Amaya, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Giovanni Lapenta, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Leuven, Belgium

Tetsuo Motoba¹, Shinichi Ohtani¹, Seth G Claudepierre², Geoffrey D Reeves³, Aleksandr Ukhorskiy⁴ and Louis J Lanzerotti⁵, (1)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (2)The Aerospace Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States, (3)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States, (4)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, United States, (5)New Jersey Inst Tech, Newark, NJ, United States

Xu Zhang¹, Vassilis Angelopoulos², Anton Artemyev³, Xiaojia Zhang⁴ and Jiang Liu², (1)Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)IGPP, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Soboh AlQeeq¹, Olivier Le Contel², Patrick Canu³, Alessandro Retino³, Thomas Chust², Alexandra Alexandrova⁴, Laurent Mirioni², Yuri Khotyaintsev⁵, Rumi Nakamura⁶, Frederick D Wilder⁷, Narges Ahmadi⁸, Hanying Wei⁹, Matthew R Argall¹⁰, David Fischer¹¹, Daniel J Gershman¹², James L Burch¹³, Roy B Torbert¹⁴, Barbara L Giles¹², Stephen A Fuselier¹⁵, Robert Ergun¹⁶, Per-Arne Lindqvist¹⁷, Christopher T Russell¹⁸, Robert J Strangeway¹⁹, Drew L. Turner²⁰, Ian Cohen²¹ and MMS, (1)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Paris, France, (2)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (UMR7648), CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Univ. Paris Sud/Obs. de Paris, Paris, France, (3)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Palaiseau, France, (4)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Univ. Paris Sud/Obs. de Paris, Saint-Maur Des Fossés Cedex, France, (5)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (6)Space Reserach Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, (7)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (8)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (9)University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (10)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (11)Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, (12)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (13)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (14)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (15)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (16)Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (17)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (18)University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (19)UCLA IGPP/ESS, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (20)The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (21)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States

Chen Liwei¹, Kazuo Shiokawa², Yoshizumi Miyoshi³, Shun Imajo³, Chae Woo Jun³, Shin-ichiro Oyama³, Yasunobu Ogawa⁴, Yudai Inaba³, Keisuke Hosokawa⁵, Yoichi Kazama⁶, Shiang-Yu Wang⁷, Sunny W. Y. Tam⁷, Tzu-Fang Chang⁸, Bo-Jhou Wang⁹, Kazushi Asamura¹⁰, Satoshi Kasahara¹⁰, Shoichiro Yokota¹¹, Tomoaki Hori¹, Kunihiro Keika¹², Yasumasa Kasaba¹³, Masafumi Shoji³, Yoshiya Kasahara¹⁴, Ayako Matsuoka¹⁰, Atsushi Kumamoto¹⁵, Fuminori Tsuchiya¹⁶ and Iku Shinohara¹⁷, (1)Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (2)ISEE, Nagoya Univ, Aichi, Japan, (3)ISEE, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (4)NIPR National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan, (5)Univ Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan, (6)ASIAA, Taipei, Taiwan, (7)National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, (8)National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, (9)Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan, (10)ISAS/JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan, (11)Osaka University, Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka, Japan, (12)University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, (13)Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, (14)Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, (15)Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan, (16)PPARC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, (17)JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan

Victor Villegas, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States and Shasha Zou, University of Michigan, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

William D Cramer, University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, Joachim Raeder, University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Durham, NH, United States, Mei-Ching Hannah Fok, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Frank Toffoletto, Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Houston, TX, United States and Christine Gabrielse, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, United States

Wenrui WANG^1,2, Jian Yang³, Yukitoshi Nishimura⁴, Richard Wolf⁵ and Jun Cui¹, (1)Sun Yat-sen University, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Zhuhai, China, (2)Southern University of Science and Technology, Earth and Space Sciences, Shenzhen, China, (3)Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Shenzhen, China, (4)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (5)Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Houston, TX, United States

Olivier Le Contel¹, Alessandro Retino², Alexandra Alexandrova³, Thomas Chust⁴, Konrad Steinvall⁵, Soboh AlQeeq⁶, Patrick Canu², Dominique Fontaine⁷, Laurent Mirioni⁴, Iannis S Dandouras⁸, Chris Carr⁹, Sergio Toledo Redondo¹⁰, Andrew Neil Fazakerley¹¹, Natasha Doss¹², Stefan A Kiehas¹³, Rumi Nakamura¹³, Yuri Khotyaintsev¹⁴, Frederick D Wilder¹⁵, Narges Ahmadi¹⁶, Daniel J Gershman¹⁷, Christopher T Russell¹⁸, Robert J Strangeway¹⁹, Ferdinand Plaschke²⁰, Matthew R Argall²¹, Drew L Turner²², Ian J. Cohen²³, James L Burch²⁴, Roy B Torbert²⁵, Stephen A Fuselier²⁶, Joey Mukherjee²⁷, Barbara L Giles¹⁷, Robert Ergun¹⁶, Per-Arne Lindqvist²⁸ and C Philippe Escoubet²⁹, (1)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas/CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France, (2)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Palaiseau, France, (3)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France, (4)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (UMR7648), CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Univ. Paris Sud/Obs. de Paris, Paris, France, (5)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, (6)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Paris, France, (7)CNRS, Paris Cedex 16, France, (8)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (9)Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, (10)University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain, (11)Mullard Space Science Lab., Dorking, United Kingdom, (12)University College London, London, United Kingdom, (13)Space Research Institute, Graz, Austria, (14)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (15)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (16)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (17)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (18)University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (19)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (20)IWF ÖAW, Graz, Austria, (21)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (22)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (23)The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (24)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (25)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (26)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (27)Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX, United States, (28)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (29)ESTEC/ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands

Osuke Saka, Office Geophysik, Ogoori, Japan

Rumi Nakamura¹, Wolfgang Baumjohann¹, Takuma K. M. Nakamura¹, Evgeny V Panov¹, Sergey Apatenkov², Joachim Birn³, James Burch⁴, Chris Carr⁵, Iannis S Dandouras⁶, C Philippe Escoubet⁷, Andrew Neil Fazakerley⁸, Barbara L Giles⁹, Tsugunobu Nagai¹⁰, Christopher T Russell¹¹, Victor A Sergeev² and Roy B Torbert¹², (1)Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, (2)St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia, (3)Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (5)Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, (6)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (7)ESTEC/ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands, (8)Mullard Space Science Lab., Dorking, United Kingdom, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (10)ISAS/JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan, (11)University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (12)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States

Trevor W Leonard, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States and Daniel N Baker, University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States

Daniel N Baker^1,2, Trevor W Leonard^2,3, Barbara L Giles⁴, Roy B Torbert⁵, James L Burch⁶ and Ian Cohen⁷, (1)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)University of Colorado at Boulder, LASP, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (5)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (6)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (7)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States

Rachel Rice¹, Katariina Nykyri², Xuanye Ma³, Barbara L Giles⁴, Daniel J Gershman⁴, Stephen A Fuselier⁵ and Peter A Delamere⁶, (1)Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States, (2)Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ, Daytona Beach, FL, United States, (3)Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, United States, (4)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (5)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (6)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Louis Richard¹, Yuri Khotyaintsev², Daniel Graham¹, Per-Arne Lindqvist³, Christopher T Russell⁴, Olivier Le Contel⁵ and Barbara L Giles⁶, (1)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, (2)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (3)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (4)University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (UMR7648), CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Univ. Paris Sud/Obs. de Paris, Paris, France, (6)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Maulik Patel, High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, CO, United States, Mary K Hudson, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States, Scot R Elkington, Univ Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States and Zhao Li, Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, NH, United States

Shishir Priyadarshi, Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Shenzhen, China and Jian Yang, Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Earth and Space Science, Shenzhen, China

Sheng Tian, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States, John R Wygant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, Cynthia A Cattell, University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, Minneapolis, MN, United States, Vassilis Angelopoulos, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States, John W Bonnell, University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, Geoffrey D Reeves, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States and Craig Kletzing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States

Kunihiro Keika¹, Satoshi Kasahara², Shoichiro Yokota³, Masahiro Hoshino², Kanako Seki², Takanobu Amano⁴, Lynn M Kistler^5,6, Masahito Nose⁷, Yoshizumi Miyoshi⁸, Tomoaki Hori⁶, Iku Shinohara⁹, Ayako Matsuoka¹⁰, Mariko Teramoto¹¹ and Yusuke Ebihara¹², (1)The University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Tokyo, Japan, (2)The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, (3)Osaka University, Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka, Japan, (4)The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, (5)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (6)Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (7)Nagoya University, ISEE, Nagoya, Japan, (8)ISEE, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (9)JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan, (10)Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto, Japan, (11)Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata, Japan, (12)Kyoto University, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto, Japan

Weiqin Sun¹, Jian Yang², Wenrui WANG¹, Sina Sadeghzadeh² and Jun Cui¹, (1)Sun Yat-sen University, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Zhuhai, China, (2)Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Shenzhen, China

Frank Toffoletto¹, Kareem Sorathia², Shanshan Bao¹, Anthony Sciola¹, Richard Wolf¹, Viacheslav G Merkin², Dong Lin³, Kevin H Pham³ and John Lyon⁴, (1)Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Houston, TX, United States, (2)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (3)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)Dartmouth College, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Hanover, NH, United States

Moe Hayashi, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Kyushu University, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka, Japan, Akiko Fujimoto, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Izuka, Japan and Shinichi Ohtani, JHU/APL, Laurel, MD, United States

Joachim Raeder¹, Banafsheh Ferdousi², William D Cramer², Kai Germaschewski² and Andrei Runov³, (1)University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, (2)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Christian Ramos, University of California Berkeley, Department of Astronomy, Berkeley, CA, United States, Ngoc Vu, University of California Berkeley, College of Chemistry, Berkeley, CA, United States and Andreas Keiling, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States

Mostafa El-Alaoui¹, Giovanni Lapenta², Raymond J Walker³, David Schriver¹ and Nicole Echterling³, (1)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Leuven, Belgium, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Raymond J Walker¹, Giovanni Lapenta², Mostafa El-Alaoui³, Jean Berchem⁴, Robert L Richard⁴ and David Schriver⁴, (1)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Leuven, Belgium, (3)UCLA, Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Kyoung-Joo Hwang¹, Toshi Nishimura², Anthea Coster³, Rob Gillies⁴, Robert C Fear⁵, Stephen A Fuselier¹, Petrinec M Steven⁶, James L Burch⁷, Kyunghwan Dokgo¹, David G Sibeck⁸, Barbara L Giles⁹, Christopher T Russell¹⁰, Robert J Strangeway¹¹, Daniel J Gershman⁹, Craig Pollock¹², Yuri Khotyaintsev¹³, Roy B Torbert¹⁴, Robert Ergun¹⁵, Joran Moen¹⁶ and Lasse Boy Novock Clausen¹⁷, (1)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (2)Boston University, Boston, United States, (3)MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States, (4)University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, (5)University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, (6)Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States, (7)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (8)NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (10)University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (11)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (12)Denali Scientific, Fairrbanks, AK, United States, (13)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (14)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (15)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (16)University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway, (17)University of Oslo, Department of Physics, Oslo, Norway

Wenbin Wang, High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, CO, United States, Dong Lin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States, Shanshan Bao, Rice University, Physics and Astronomy, Houston, TX, United States, Alan Geoffrey Burns, NCAR, HAO, Boulder, CO, United States, Jeffrey Garretson, Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins, Laurel, United States, John Lyon, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States, Viacheslav G Merkin, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States, Adam T. Michael, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, United States, Kevin H Pham, NCAR, Boulder, CO, CO, United States, Kareem Sorathia, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States and Frank Toffoletto, Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Houston, TX, United States

James M Weygand, University of California Los Angeles, IGPP/EPSS, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Jay Johnson, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI, United States, Simon Wing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States and Peter A Delamere, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Leslie J. Lamarche, Roger H Varney and Ashton Seth Reimer, SRI International Menlo Park, Menlo Park, CA, United States