Philippe Ciais, LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Karina Winkler, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmish, Germany, Hui Yang, Anhui University of Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, Ma'anshan, China, Richard Fuchs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe, Germany, Wigneron Jean-Pierre, ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave-d'Ornon, France, Lei Fan, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, Pekka Kauppi, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Julia Pongratz, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany and Raphael Ganzenmüller, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu¹, Chunjing Qiu², Matthew J McGrath³, Philippe Ciais⁴, Robbie M Andrew⁵, Philippe P Peylin⁶, Efisio Solazzo⁷, Dominik Brunner⁸, Rona Thompson⁹, Glen P Peters⁵, Gregoire Broquet³, Greet Georgette Alice Janssens-Maenhout¹⁰, Francesco Tubiello¹¹, Christoph Gerbig¹², Julia Pongratz¹³, Gert-Jan Nabuurs¹⁴, Mart-Jan Schelhaas¹⁴, Giacomo Grassi¹⁵, Wilfried Winiwarter¹⁶, Peter Bergamaschi¹⁰, Pierre A. G. Regnier¹⁷, Ronny Lauerwald¹⁸, Frederic Chevallier³, Jury Balkovic¹⁹, Matthias Kuhnert²⁰, Tiina Markkanen²¹, Adrian Leip¹⁰, Monica Crippa²², Marielle Saunois³, Lena Höglund-Isaksson¹⁹, Dirk Günther²³, Lucia Perugini²⁴, Aki Tsuruta²⁵, Prabir Kumar Patra²⁶, Alistair Manning²⁷, Christine Groot Zwaaftink²⁸, Joe McNorton²⁹, Chris J Wilson²⁹, Antti Leppänen³⁰, David Bastviken³¹, Patrick Brockmann³, Richard A Houghton³², Igor B. Konovalov³³, Pete Smith²⁰, Tuula Aalto²⁵, Giulia Conchedda³⁴, Yuanzhi Yao³⁵, Hanqin Tian³⁵, Gabriel David Oreggioni³⁶ and A Johannes Dolman³⁷, (1)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, (2)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, (3)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France, (4)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France, (5)Center for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo, Oslo, Norway, (6)CEA Saclay DSM / LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France, (7)European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Air and Climate Unit, Ispra (VA), Italy, (8)Empa, Duebendorf, Switzerland, (9)NILU, Oslo, Norway, (10)European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, (11)Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, (12)Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Biogeochemical Signals, Jena, Germany, (13)Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, (14)Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands, (15)European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra Vey, Italy, (16)IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, (17)Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, (18)Université Libre de Bruxelles, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brussels, Belgium, (19)IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, (20)University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, (21)Finnish Meteorological Institute, Greenhouse Gas Group, Helsinki, Finland, (22)European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Ispra, Italy, (23)Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Germany, (24)17., Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC),, Viterbo, Italy, (25)Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, (26)Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, (27)UK Meteorological Office, Climate Research, Exeter, United Kingdom, (28)NILU, Kjeller, Norway, (29)University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, (30)University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, (31)Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, (32)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (33)Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, (34)FAO, Rome, Italy, (35)Auburn University, International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn, AL, United States, (36)Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, (37)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Earth Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Benjamin Poulter, NASA GSFC, Biospheric Science, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Abhishek Chatterjee, USRA, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Robert B Jackson, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, Werner A Kurz, Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada, Anna Michalak, Carnegie Institution for Science, Global Ecology, Stanford, CA, United States, Guillermo Nicolas Murray-Tortarolo, Universtiy Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, Suzanne E Tank, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, Hanqin Tian, Auburn University, International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn, AL, United States, Yoichi Shiga, Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA, United States, Rodrigo Vargas, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States, Kimberly Wickland, US Geological Survey, Water Resources Mission Area, Boulder, CO, United States and Lisamarie Windham-Myers, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Menlo Park, CA, United States

Celso von Randow¹, Luciana V Gatti², Stephen Sitch³, Thais M Rosan³, Luiz EOC Aragão⁴, Talita Assis⁵, Aline Anderson Castro⁶, Manoel F. Cardoso⁷, Chris J Wilson⁸ and Emanuel Ulrich Gloor⁹, (1)National Institute of Space Research, Earth System Science Center, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, (2)INPE National Institute for Space Research, CCST, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, (3)University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, United Kingdom, (4)INPE National Institute for Space Research, Remote Sensing Division, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, (5)INPE National Institute for Space Research, Earth System Science Center, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, (6)INPE National Institute for Space Research, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, (7)INPE-CCST, Cachoeira Pta, Brazil, (8)University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, (9)University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds, United Kingdom

Akihiko Ito and Prabir Kumar Patra, JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan

Alexander Geddes¹, Sara E Mikaloff-Fletcher², Dan Smale³, Gordon W Brailsford² and Hinrich Schaefer⁴, (1)National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand, (2)National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand, (3)National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand, (4)NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand

Brendan M Rogers¹, Anna-Maria Virkkala², Susan Natali¹, Jennifer Watts¹, Kathleen E Savage¹, Sara June Giacomini¹, Christina Minions², Darcy L. Peter², Stefano Potter¹, Marguerite Mauritz³, Julia Boike⁴, Gerardo Celis^5,6, Roisin Commane⁷, Sigrid Dengel⁸, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen⁹, Mathias Goeckede¹⁰, Yoshinobu Harazono¹¹, Manuel Helbig¹², Elyn Humphreys¹³, Hideki Kobayashi¹⁴, Min Jung Kwon¹⁵, Ayumi Kotani¹⁶, Takashi Machimura¹⁷, Steven F Oberbauer¹⁸, Sang-Jong Park¹⁹, Frans-Jan W Parmentier²⁰, Mark Schildhauer²¹, Oliver Sonnentag²², Margaret S Torn²³, Masahito Ueyama²⁴ and Edward Schuur²⁵, (1)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (2)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, United States, (3)University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States, (4)Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam, Permafrost Research, Potsdam, Germany, (5)University of Florida, Ft Walton Beach, FL, United States, (6)Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, United States, (7)Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, United States, (8)University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, (9)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (10)Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany, (11)Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sakai, Japan, (12)Dalhousie University, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Halifax, NS, Canada, (13)Carleton University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada, (14)Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan, (15)Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea, (16)Nagoya University, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, (17)Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, (18)Florida Intl Univ, Miami, FL, United States, (19)Korea Polar Research Institute, Division of Climate Change, Incheon, South Korea, (20)Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, (21)National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, United States, (22)Université de Montréal, Département de Géographie, Montréal, QC, Canada, (23)Berkeley Lab/UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (24)Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan, (25)Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, AZ, United States

David F Baker, Colorado State University, CIRA, Fort Collins, DC, United States and The OCO-2 Flux Inversion Model Intercomparison Project