Lori Bruhwiler, NOAA Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, Frans-Jan W Parmentier, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Patrick M Crill, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Mark Leonard, NOAA; ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO, United States and Paul I Palmer, University of Edinburgh, School of Geosciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Masayuki Kondo, CGER Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan

Chaopeng Hong¹, Jennifer Burney², Julia Pongratz^3,4, Julia Nabel³, Nathan Mueller⁵, Robert B Jackson⁶, Hongyan Zhao⁷, Yue Qin⁸, Kerstin Hartung⁹, Qiang Zhang¹⁰ and Steven J Davis¹, (1)University of California Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, Irvine, CA, United States, (2)University of California, San Diego, School of Global Policy and Strategy, La Jolla, United States, (3)Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, (4)Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany, (5)Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, (6)Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, (7)Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, (8)Ohio State University, Columbus, United States, (9)Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany, (10)Department of Earth System Science,Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Qing Liang, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Cynthia D Nevison, INSTAAR/University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, Edward J Dlugokencky, NOAA, Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States, Brad David Hall, NOAA Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States and Geoffrey S Dutton, NOAA/ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO, United States

Chaoqun Lu¹, Zhen Yu¹, David A. Hennessy², Hongli Feng², Hanqin Tian³ and Dafeng Hui⁴, (1)Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States, (2)Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States, (3)Auburn University, International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn, AL, United States, (4)Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States

Xiaoyu Qin¹, Hanqin Tian², Jingting Zhang¹, Hao Shi², Yongfa You², Rongting Xu², Naiqing Pan², Shufen Pan² and Siyuan Wang¹, (1)Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Beijing, China, (2)Auburn University, International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn, AL, United States

Leonid Yurganov, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States, Dustin Carroll, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, United States and Hong Zhang, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States

Nicole S Lovenduski, University of Colorado, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, Adrienne J Sutton, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States, Neil C Swart, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada, John Fyfe, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria, Canada, Galen A McKinley, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States, Christopher Sabine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States and Nancy Williams, University of South Florida, St Petersburg, United States