Fold-and-thrust belts are where processes that shape the Earth can be studied, from earthquakes to erosion. The geometry, timing, kinematics, and surface processes of fold-and-thrust belts and their associated basins are key to elucidating the physical laws that govern crustal dynamics and orogenic evolution across a wide range of tectonic settings. Geophysical and geological data coupled with analog and numerical modeling have been fueling debates on aspects such as the complex deformation-erosion-sedimentation interactions, the role of multiple detachments and preexisting structures, the relation between short- and long-term dynamics, and the connections between the Earth-surface and mantle processes. This session aims to provide a platform for recent studies that integrate field observation, seismology, rock mechanics, thermochronology, analog and numerical modeling, remote sensing, and other approaches, to investigate the evolution of, and the natural hazards and resources associated with, fold-and-thrust belts and basins at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.