Current infrastructure within the U.S. maritime Arctic is not in a state to support increased research or maritime activity as profound changes ongoing in the Arctic Ocean continue to unfold. Expanding the development of critical research infrastructure in this region is needed to provide information and analyses regarding this rapidly evolving environment. Expanding marine infrastructure can provide the required marine safety and environmental protection regimes to meet new demands from increasing human activities in this region. This session will explore specific research infrastructure and broad marine infrastructure needs such as: more accurate and timely marine weather and sea ice forecasting; increased oceanographic in-situ data; more accurate and complete hydrography and charting; a deep-draft Arctic port to support maritime and logistics activities; research and coastal icebreaking assets; communications and search and rescue infrastructure; and an understanding of species migration routes to safely guide vessel traffic and avoid conflicts with subsistence hunting.