Well-constrained subsurface models, developed with geophysical methods to derive critical parameters such as shear-wave velocity (V_S), are essential for siting, design, and hazard assessment of critical infrastructures. Traditional invasive approaches directly measure shear-wave travel time but are costly or present environmental challenges. Non-invasive seismic methods (body and/or surface waves) are considered more cost-effective and environmentally friendly; thus, their use has significantly increased in recent years. However, because non-invasive methods do not directly measure V_S, these approaches may contribute greater uncertainties, spurring integration with invasive methods.

We invite presentations about diverse site characterization approaches and their effects on hazard assessment. Topics of interest include active- and passive-source approaches (e.g., linear/2D, single-/multi-station surface-based array methods, downhole/crosshole, seismic interferometry, and terrestrial/airborne methods). Presentations comparing different techniques at the same site or integrating multiple datasets are encouraged. This session is supported by the Consortium of Organizations for Strong Motion Observation Systems’ Site Characterization Project.