Recent years have been marked by the second of two consecutive deep solar minima where influences of terrestrial weather are often the dominant drivers of the changing conditions in the ionosphere-thermosphere system. Weak geomagnetic storms and isolated substorms occurring during this period offer new opportunities for understanding the system response to forcing from the magnetosphere. The growing amount of observations from space (such as ICON, GOLD, COSMIC-2) and from the ground, and increasing modeling capabilities have opened new opportunities to investigate processes in the near-Earth geospace.

We seek discussion of observational and modeling efforts during the recent solar minima, in order to broaden understanding of the physics of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Discussion of the physics of low-conductivity environment, isolated storms and substorms, pre-conditioning by lower atmospheric drivers that are dominant during low solar activity, and synthesis of modeling efforts with observations for physical understanding, is welcome.