PP030
Water Isotope Systematics: Improving Modern and Paleoclimate Interpretations

Session ID#: 157345

Session Description:
Stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water are powerful tools for understanding the earth system, yielding unique insights into the dynamics of past and present climates. Indeed, studies employing water isotopes have provided records of past and present climate change, tracers of hydrologic sources and sinks, and indicators of physical processes in the atmosphere and biosphere. Recently, innovative techniques allowing for water isotope measurements at high temporal frequencies and large spatial scales, new capabilities in simple and complex modeling frameworks, and advances in theoretical descriptions of isotopic processes have enabled a wide array of new research questions to be addressed. This session welcomes any paper that focuses on the measurement, modeling, or application of these water isotopes to better understand past and modern climate dynamics and hydrology. 
Index Terms:

1041 Stable isotope geochemistry [GEOCHEMISTRY]
1655 Water cycles [GLOBAL CHANGE]
1833 Hydroclimatology [HYDROLOGY]
4924 Geochemical tracers [PALEOCEANOGRAPHY]

Primary Convener:  Chijun Sun, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States
Conveners:  Sylvia Dee, Rice University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Houston, TX, United States, Samantha Stevenson, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States and Bryce Mitsunaga, Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Providence, United States
Student/Early Career Convener:  Bryce Mitsunaga, Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Providence, United States
 
Contribution of the Southern Annular Mode to Variations in Water Isotopes of Daily Precipitation at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica – Study of An Isotope-Enabled Climate Model, MIROC5-iso (1044931)
Kanon Kino1, Atsushi Okazaki2, Alexandre Cauquoin3 and Kei Yoshimura3, (1)The University of Tokyo, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, (2)Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan, (3)The University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, Kashiwa, Japan
 
Uncovering 'Hidden' Insights from the Ocean in the PAGES CoralHydro2k Seawater δ18O Database (Invited) (1045645)
Alyssa R. Atwood, Florida State University, Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Tallahassee, FL, United States, Andrea L. Moore, Florida State University, Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Tallahassee, United States, Kristine L DeLong, Louisiana State University, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Baton Rouge, United States, Sara C Sanchez, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States, Amy J Wagner, California State University Sacramento, Geology Department, Sacramento, CA, United States, Thomas Felis, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany and Sylvia Long, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
 
The 17O-excess of plant silica, a proxy of continental atmospheric relative humidity in tropical areas: field calibration (1046718)
Anne E Alexandre1, Clément Outrequin1, Christophe Peugeot2, Manuela Grippa3, Christine Vallet-Coulomb4, Julie C Aleman5, Amaelle Landais6, Corinne Sonzogni1, Jean-Charles Mazur1, Claudia Voigt7, Theodore Ouani8, Simon Afouda8, Maxime Wubda8, Ousmane Ndiaye9, Eric Mougin3, Nogmana Soumaguel10, Torbern Tagesson11 and Rasmus Fensholt12, (1)CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence Cedex, France, (2)IRD Hydrosciences, Montpellier, France, (3)GET Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse, France, (4)CEREGE, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France, (5)CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France, (6)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France, (7)CEREGE, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France, (8)IRD, Cotonou, Benin, (9)CRZ, Dahra, Senegal, (10)IRD, Bamako, Mali, (11)Lund University, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund, Sweden, (12)University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, København K, Denmark
 
Indian Ocean Walker Circulation Signals Reflected in Regional Precipitation δ18O (1050584)
Patrick Cho1, Melissa A Berke1, Marc Muller1 and Georgina Falster2, (1)University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, United States, (2)Australian National University, Research School of Earth Sciences, Canberra, ACT, Australia
 
Seasonal Evolution of the Triple Oxygen Isotope Composition of Grass Leaf Water and Phytoliths at an Instrumented Mediterranean Field Site: A Model-Data Approach (1052643)
Claudia Voigt1, Anne E Alexandre2, Ilja M. Reiter3, Jean-Philippe Orts4, Christine Vallet-Coulomb5, Clément Piel6, Jean-Charles Mazur7, Julie C Aleman8, Corinne Sonzogni7, Hélène Miche9 and Jérôme Ogée10, (1)CEREGE, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France, (2)CEREGE, CNRS-Aix-Marseille Université, Aix en Provence, France, (3)Research Federation ECCOREV, CNRS, Aix en Provence, France, (4)IMBE, CNRS, Université d’Avignon, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, Marseille, France, (5)CEREGE, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France, (6)Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, UAR 3248, CNRS, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France, (7)CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence Cedex, France, (8)Université de Montréal, Département de Géographie, Montréal, Canada, (9)CNRS-UMR 7330, Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France, (10)INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
 
Impact of convective organization and meso-scale properties of convective systems on the water vapor isotopic composition : observations and modeling (1052969)
Camille M Risi, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France, Rémy Roca, CNRS, LEGOS, Toulouse, France, Thomas Fiolleau, Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales-CNRS, Toulouse, France, Francoise Vimeux, IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Caroline Muller, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Palaiseau Cedex, France, John R Worden, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, Matthias Schneider, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany and Joseph Galewsky, University of New Mexico, Earth & Planetary Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, United States
 
Evolution of Triple Oxygen Isotopes in Precipitation during Monsoon Cold Surges in the Tropics: Implications for Evaluating Tropical Convection (1066819)
Yilin Zhang, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE, Shaoneng He, Nanyang Technological University, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore and Xianfeng Wang, Nanyang Technological University, School of the Environment, Singapore, Singapore
 
Seasonal to Daily Soil and Plant Water Isotope Dynamics to Understand the Role of Snowmelt and Monsoon Rain for Evapotranspiration (Invited) (1067323)
Matthias Sprenger1, Stefan Seeger2, Max B Berkelhammer3, Amanda Henderson4, Eoin Brodie1, Nicholas Bouskill5, Markus Bill6, P. James Dennedy-Frank7, Markus Weiler2 and Kenneth Hurst Williams8, (1)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)University of Freiburg, Chair of Hydrology, Freiburg, Germany, (3)University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, (4)Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, United States, (5)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Berkeley, United States, (6)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy Geosciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States, (7)Stanford University, Stanford, United States, (8)Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
 
Simultaneous and continuous real-time monitoring of stable isotopes of water vapor and rain in the tropics: insight into vapor-rain interaction (1077298)
Shaoneng He1, Dominik Jackish2, Xianfeng Wang3, Lujia Feng2, Dhrubajyoti Samanta4 and Nathalie Goodkin5, (1)Nanyang Technological University, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, (2)Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, (3)Nanyang Technological University, School of the Environment, Singapore, Singapore, (4)Nanyang Technological University, Asian School of the Environment, Singapore, Singapore, (5)American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
 
Global Surface Seawater Oxygen Isotope Anomalies for the Last Glacial Maximum (1082679)
Marcus Vinicius Lermen Kochhann, University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Geosciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Cristiano M Chiessi, University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, São Paulo, Brazil and Stefan Mulitza, Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany
 
A combined dual hydrogen and triple oxygen isotope approach for quantifying moisture recycling applied to Lake Michigan, USA (1086478)
Tyler Huth1, Bronwen L Konecky2, Jack Hutchings2, Tiffani Wilke3, Ian Winkelstern4, Tara A. Kneeshaw5, Kelly Deuerling6, Charles Paradis7, Shangping Xu8 and Justin Peschman7, (1)Washington University in St Louis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, St. Louis, United States, (2)Washington University in St Louis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, St. Louis, MO, United States, (3)Northwestern Michigan College, Traverse City, United States, (4)Grand Valley State University, Geology, Allendale, United States, (5)Grand Valley State University, Allendale, United States, (6)University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, United States, (7)University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States, (8)Univ of Wisc-Geosciences, Milwaukee, WI, United States
 
Toward understanding the relationship between stable isotope variations in precipitation and moisture transport history in the East African monsoon domain (1093020)
Henry Dunlap1, Daniel Gebregiorgis2, Zelalem K Bedaso3, Kim M Cobb4, Luke Pangle2, Jeremy Diem5 and Asfawossen Asrat6,7, (1)Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States, (2)Georgia State University, Department of Geosciences, Atlanta, United States, (3)University of Dayton, Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Dayton, OH, United States, (4)Georgia Institute of Technology, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States, (5)Georgia State University, Department of Geosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States, (6)Addis Ababa University, School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, (7)Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, Palapye, Botswana
 
North Atlantic Oscillation, North Atlantic Jet, and Northern Annular Mode Controls on Water Isotope Proxies from the Iso2k Database Through the 20th Century (1093108)
Andrew Flaim, Bronwen L Konecky, Washington University in St Louis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, St. Louis, MO, United States and Sloan Coats, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
 
A 6,000 Year Record of Holocene Hydroclimate and Lake Water Balance from Lake Edward (Uganda - D.R. Congo) (1097887)
Kian Kafaie, Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Providence, United States and James M Russell, Brown University, Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Providence, United States
 
Unmanned-aerial-vehicle-based Tropospheric Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric Vapor Isotopes in The Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Their Added Value to Infer Deep Convective Processes (1100947)
Di Wang Jr1,2, Camille M Risi2 and Lide Tian1, (1)Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China, (2)Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
 
Influence of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent on Galápagos Seawater δ18O Values (1109448)
Jessica L Conroy1, Nicole K Murray2, Julia E Cole3, Fernando Echeverria4 and David Chillagana4, (1)University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Geology, Department of Plant Biology, Urbana, IL, United States, (2)University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Geology, Urbana, IL, United States, (3)University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States, (4)Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
 
Assessing the controls on rainfall and δ18O variability in Mexico (1110943)
Annabel Wolf1, Bryant Pahl2, Kevin Wright3, Kathleen R Johnson3, Gabriela Serrato Marks4, David McGee5, Laura Eugenia Beramendi Orosco6, Sergio Sanchez-Armass7 and Juan Cancino7, (1)University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States, (2)University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, (3)University of California, Irvine, Earth System Science, Irvine, CA, United States, (4)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States, (5)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, United States, (6)National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Geology, Mexico City, Mexico, (7)UASLP Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
 
Tracing Pliocene ocean circulation using seawater δ18Ow reconstructed from Δ47 of marine mollusk fossils (1115836)
Sierra V Petersen1, Ian Winkelstern2, Andrew L.A. Johnson3 and Jade Zhang1, (1)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (2)Grand Valley State University, Geology, Allendale, United States, (3)University of Derby, School of Built and Natural Environment, Derby, United Kingdom
 
Laurentide Ice Sheet Configuration Influenced the Arctic Water Cycle through Multiple Interglacial Periods (1115900)
Devon B. Gorbey1, Elizabeth K Thomas1, Jason P Briner2, Sarah E Crump3, Patrick Keys4, Kurt Lindberg1, Gifford H Miller5, Jonathan Raberg5, Martha K Raynolds6 and Julio Sepulveda5, (1)University at Buffalo, Department of Geosciences, Buffalo, NY, United States, (2)University at Buffalo, Department of Geosciences, Buffalo, United States, (3)University of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Salt Lake City, United States, (4)Colorado State University, Dept. of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, United States, (5)University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Geological Sciences and the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Boulder, United States, (6)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, United States
 
Emulating Climate and δ18O of Precipitation over the Antarctic Ice Sheet During the Pliocene (1116243)
Taylor Deneau and Clay Richard Tabor, University of Connecticut, Department of Earth Sciences, Storrs, United States
 
Interacting climate oscillations modulate the long-term spatiotemporal variability of precipitation isotopes (18O, 2H, d-excess) across the USA. (1130013)
Shaakir Shabir Dar1, Ben G Kopec1, Ryan W Vachon2, Douglas Causey3, Eric S Klein4, Hannah Bailey5 and Jeffrey M Welker6, (1)University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, AK, United States, (2)Earth Initiatives, Provare Media & University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, United States, (4)University of Alaska Anchorage, Geological Sciences, Anchorage, United States, (5)University of Oulu, Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Oulu, Finland, (6)University of Alaska Anchorage, University of Oulu & UArctic, Biological Sciences, Anchorage & Oulu, Finland, AK, United States
 
The Isotopic Composition of Rainfall on a Subtropical Mountainous Island (1133932)
Giuseppe Torri, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Atmospheric Sciences, Honolulu, United States, Alison D Nugent, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Atmospheric Sciences, Honolulu, United States and Brian N Popp, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Department of Earth Sciences, Honolulu, HI, United States
 
Inter-comparison of Water Isotope-enabled Models and Reanalysis Nudging Effects (1137457)
Hayoung Bong1, Alexandre Cauquoin1, Atsushi Okazaki2, Eun-Chul Chang3, Martin Werner4, Zhongwang Wei5, Namgu Yeo3 and Kei Yoshimura1, (1)The University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, Kashiwa, Japan, (2)Hirosaki University, Department of Global Environment and Disaster Prevention Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan, (3)Kongju National University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Gongju, South Korea, (4)Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany, (5)Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangzhou, China
 
How do Meteorological and Cloud Processes affect Water Isotopes in a Tropical Rain Shadow location? (1143207)
Nimya SS1,2 and Saikat Sengupta1, (1)Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Centre for Climate Change Research, Pune, India, (2)University of Pune, Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Pune, India
 
Data-model Synthesis of Tropical Hydroclimate Change During the Last Deglaciation (1148531)
Xiaojing Du, Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Providence, RI, United States, James M Russell, Brown University, Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Providence, United States, Zhengyu Liu, The Ohio State University, Department of Geography, Columbus, United States, Bette L Otto-Bliesner, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, Boulder, United States, Chenyu Zhu, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Qingdao, China and Yu Gao, Peking University, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Beijing, China
 
Improved Forward Models of Leaf Wax Hydrogen Isotope Ratios from a Synthesis of 3,500+ Measurements in Modern Plants (1160560)
Jack Hutchings, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States and Bronwen L Konecky, Washington University in St Louis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, St. Louis, MO, United States
 
D-O Variability in Greenland Summit δ18Op Controlled by Southern Extent of Sea Ice in the North Atlantic During the Last Glacial. (1165128)
Kyle Niezgoda1, Christo Buizert2, Kaden Martin2 and David Noone3, (1)Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Corvallis, OR, United States, (2)Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States, (3)University of Auckland, Department of Physics, Auckland, New Zealand
 
17O-excess in tropical cyclones is controlled by integrated local and remote evaporative conditions (1177905)
Chijun Sun1, Timothy M Shanahan2, Shaoneng He3, Adriana Raudzens Bailey4, Jesse M Nusbaumer4, Jun Hu5, Aubrey L Hillman6, Erika Ornouski7, Jacob Warner7,8 and Kristine L DeLong7,9, (1)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)University of Texas at Austin, Department of Geosciences, Austin, TX, United States, (3)Nanyang Technological University, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, (4)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, United States, (5)Xiamen University, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen, China, (6)University at Albany State University of New York, Atmospheric Sciences, Albany, NY, United States, (7)Louisiana State University, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Baton Rouge, United States, (8)SUNY College at Oneonta, Geography and Environmental Sustainability, Oneonta, United States, (9)Coastal Studies Institute, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
 
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Triple Oxygen Isotopes in Panamanian Meteoric Waters (1178406)
Lisabeth Arellano, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States, Emily J. Beverly, University of Houston, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Houston, United States, Eric J. Steig, University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States and Andrew J Schauer, University of Washington, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Seattle, United States
 
Processes controlling vertical moisture transport in cloudy regimes of the Atlantic trade cumulous region (1181017)
David Noone1, Dean Henze2, Peter N Blossey3, Adriana Raudzens Bailey4, Simon P de Szoeke5 and Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez2, (1)University of Auckland, Department of Physics, Auckland, New Zealand, (2)Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States, (3)University of Washington, Seattle, United States, (4)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
 
Constraints on the Seawater δ18O-Sea Surface Salinity Relationship across the Strong 2015/2016 ENSO Cycle (1187466)
Manlin Xu1, Kim M Cobb2, Hannah M Levy1, Amanda H.V Timmerman1, Hussein Sayani3, Matthew Newman4, Jessica L Conroy5, Chandler Ann Morris6 and Andrew R Babbin7, (1)Georgia Institute of Technology, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States, (2)Brown University, Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Providence, United States, (3)Langan Consulting, Atlanta, United States, (4)University of Colorado/CIRES and NOAA/PSL, Boulder, United States, (5)University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Geology, Department of Plant Biology, Urbana, IL, United States, (6)Columbia University of New York, Palisades, United States, (7)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, EAPS, Cambridge, United States
 
Reconstructing Interannual Variability in Regional Climate from Water Isotope Sampling of the Juneau Icefield, Alaska (1192605)
Caroline Wexler1, Anna Fatta2, Jason Drebber3, Fabienne Meier4, Sofia Guest2, Stine Ornes2, Amelia Goldstein5, Hayley Bennett6 and Bradley Markle7, (1)University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States, (2)Juneau Icefield Research Program, Juneau, United States, (3)University of Vermont, Burlington, United States, (4)ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, (5)Duke University, Durham, United States, (6)University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, UNITED STATES, (7)University of Colorado, Boulder, Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, Boulder, United States
 
Fully coupled water tracer and isotope-enabled Earth system model simulations under historical and future forcing (1196168)
Kyle Heyblom1, Hansi Alice Singh1, Adriana Raudzens Bailey2 and Jesse M Nusbaumer3, (1)University of Victoria, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Victoria, BC, Canada, (2)University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, United States, (3)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, United States
 
Climatic Controls on the Stable Isotopic Composition of Rainfall on the North Island of New Zealand. (1196428)
Natasha Piatrunia, Organization Not Listed, Washington, DC, United States; University of Texas at Austin, Department of Geosciences, Austin, United States, Timothy M Shanahan, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Geosciences, Austin, TX, United States, Paul M Augustinus, Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and Chijun Sun, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States
 
Southeastern Indian Ocean Seawater Isotopes (δ18O) Across the Subtropical Front (1197157)
Amy J Wagner1, Elisabeth L Sikes2 and Ryan Glaubke2, (1)California State University Sacramento, Geology Department, Sacramento, CA, United States, (2)Rutgers University New Brunswick, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, New Brunswick, United States
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