CM005
Interdisciplinary Approaches and Scalable Pathways for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal: Integrating Science, Society, and Implementation

Session ID#: 259968

Session Description:
Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) strategies, such as Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE), are gaining traction for their potential to contribute meaningfully to climate mitigation by leveraging the ocean’s capacity to sequester atmospheric CO₂. As research accelerates and the commercial sector grows, it is increasingly critical to evaluate not only the technical and environmental feasibility of these approaches, but also their societal implications and governance challenges. This session brings together interdisciplinary research that bridges natural and social sciences to holistically assess mCDR approaches and support responsible, scalable implementation. We invite contributions that explore both the technical practicalities and societal dimensions of mCDR, with a particular interest in OAE. Topics may include modeling and feasibility studies, supply chain and resource assessments, life-cycle and techno-economic analyses, as well as interdisciplinary methods that integrate environmental and socio-economic data, public perceptions, foresight tools, or participatory approaches. By fostering dialogue among academic, policy, and commercial stakeholders, this session aims to advance understanding of the interconnected scientific, societal, and operational dimensions of mCDR—highlighting pathways for responsible development and scalable deployment.
Co-Sponsor(s):
  • Carbon Management -
  • Human-Ocean Connections -
Index Terms:

4215 Climate and interannual variability [OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL]
4806 Carbon cycling [OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL]
6304 Benefit-cost analysis [POLICY SCIENCES & PUBLIC ISSUES]
6339 System design [POLICY SCIENCES & PUBLIC ISSUES]
Student/Early Career Chair:  Rachel Millar, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Primary Chair:  Phil Renforth, Heriot-Watt University, Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Co-chairs:  Sandy Avrutin, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, M. Grace Andrews, Hourglass Climate, Montclair, United States and Chelsey Adrianne Baker, National Oceanography Center, Soton, Southampton, United Kingdom
 
Perspectives and insights from the SeaCURE pilot plant on Direct Ocean Carbon Capture at scale (1873804)
Paul Richard Halloran1, Thomas George Bell2, Salman Masoudi Soltani3, Helen S Findlay2, Kofoworola Bolajoko Awodun4, Mikhail Gorbounov5, Witold Tatkiewicz1, Xiaoyu Yan1 and Guy Hooper1,2, (1)University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, (2)Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (3)Brunel University of London, Chemical Engineering, London, United Kingdom, (4)Brunel University, Chemical engineering, Uxbridge, United Kingdom, (5)Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
 
Building a Comprehensive Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Portfolio: A Co-Designed Research and Development Program for Phytoplankton-based Approaches (1874108)
David Koweek1, Eric Schwaab1, Lydia Kapsenberg2, Ruth Driscoll-Lovejoy1 and Brad Ack1, (1)Ocean Visions, Leesburg, VA, United States, (2)CEA Consulting, San Francisco, United States
 
Ascribing a Value to the Judgement that Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement is Unacceptable (1878180)
Tim Kruger, University of Oxford, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM
 
Prospective Life Cycle Assessment (pLCA) of Hydrated Carbonate Minerals (CaCO₃·6H₂O, Ikaite) for Ocean-Mediated Atmospheric CO₂ Removal (1878310)
Dr Mohamed Katish1, Phil Renforth2, Spyros Fonteinis2 and Rachel Millar3, (1)Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (2)Heriot-Watt University, Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (3)Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
 
Supply Chain Optimization for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: A Norwegian Case Study (2006546)
Lisa Herlicka1, Frank Meisel1, Martine Lindland2, Kjetil Fagerholt2 and Emmiche Advocaat Wigand2, (1)University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, (2)Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
 
Macroalgae Cultivation for Carbon Dioxide Removal: The Case for Holistic, At-Scale Assessment (2010946)
Judith Matz, UNITED STATES, Nadine Mengis, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany and Mar Fernández-Méndez, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
 
Diverse insights from SeaO2’s electrochemical Direct Ocean Carbon Capture pilot project and research collaborations (2013521)
Daan Reijnders, Gerianne Terlouw, Phebe van Langevelde and Zamin Syed, SeaO2, Amsterdam, Netherlands
 
Protein-Guided Calcium Carbonate Formation in Yeast as a Scalable Approach for Marine CO₂ Sequestration (2014791)
Nan He, He.Nan.p8@Dc.Tohoku.Ac.Jp, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Eugene Futai, Eugene.Futai.e1@Tohoku.Ac.Jp, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Takenori Tanno, Takenori.Tanno.a7@Tohoku.Ac.Jp, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Shinya Tahara, Shinya.Tahara.c6@Tohoku.Ac.Jp, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Takakazu Nakabayashi, Takakazu.Nakabayashi.e7@Tohoku.Ac.Jp, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Masafumi Hidaka, Masafumi.Hidaka.a4@Tohoku.Ac.Jp, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan and Tomohisa Ogawa, Tomohisa.Ogawa.c3@Tohoku.Ac.Jp, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
 
Controlling Factors in Coastal CO₂-Sequestration Efficiency via Enhanced Olivine Weathering (2016448)
Xianning Cao, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China and Minhan Dai, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen, China
 
Electrochemical Capture and Conversion of Seawater to Syngas for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (2016493)
Yueyue Kang, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen, China, Shunji Xie, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces；College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen, China, Ye Wang, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen, China and Minhan Dai, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
 
Preliminary Results from LOC-02, a field trial studying the effectiveness and environmental impacts of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium hydroxide, and the second expedition of the LOC-NESS Project (Locking Ocean Carbon in the Northeast Shelf and Slope) (2016541)
Adam Subhas1, Jennie E Rheuban2, Anna Michel3, Tom Lanagan1, Daniel C McCorkle4, David P Nicholson5, Robert E Todd6, Yuichiro Takeshita7, Kay D Bidle8, Kimberlee Thamatrakoln8, Aleck Zhaohui Wang5, Ke Chen9, Heather Hyewon Kim2, Christopher Murray10, Lukas Marx2, Matthew G. Hayden2, Francis Elder11, Kate Morkeski5, Chloe Dean12, Rachel T. Davitt8, Brett Longworth2, Shawnee Traylor13, Owen Cesarano12, Benjamin Werb14, Michael Jakuba15, Yiming Guo16, Mary Burkitt-Gray11 and Nicholas Chaloux12, (1)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (2)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole, United States, (3)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (4)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, United States, (5)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (6)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (7)Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States, (8)Rutgers University, Marine and Coastal Sciences, New Brunswick, United States, (9)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, United States, (10)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology, Woods Hole, United States, (11)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole, United States, (12)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States, (13)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT-WHOI Joint Program, Cambridge, United States, (14)Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Monterey, United States, (15)Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, United States, (16)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, United States
 
Building Trust and Transparency in Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Through the OAE Data Commons and Metadata Tooling (2017366)
Jacqueline Long, Submarine Scientific LLC, San Francisco, United States, Cory Levinson, University of California Davis, Davis, United States, Veronica Tamsitt, Submarine, San Fransisco, United States, Irene Polnyi, Carbon to Sea Initiative, Field Research, DC, United States and Anna Madlener, Carbon to Sea Initiative, Halle, Germany
 
Uneven Costs, Optimal Regions: A Global Techno-Economic Assessment of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (2018024)
Mathieu Poupon, Princeton University, Department of Geosciences, Princeton, United States, Laure Resplandy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States and Michael Oppenheimer, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton, NJ, United States
 
Techno-economic Analysis of Coastal Enhanced Weathering (2018956)
Callum Ward1, Reinaldo Juan Lee Pereira1, James Campbell1, Mohammad Madankan1, Amy McBride2, Sarah Fowler1, Spyros Fonteinis1, Mijndert Van der Spek1 and Phil Renforth1, (1)Heriot-Watt University, Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (2)Independent Researcher, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Germany
 
Ethical Pathways for Ocean Solutions: Guiding Principles for Responsible Climate Intervention Research (2020373)
Billy M Williams1, Mark Mocettini Shimamoto2, Janice Lachance2 and Hisayo Harlan3, (1)American Geophysical Union, Executive Vice President, Diversity, Equity & Inclusion, Science, Washington, DC, United States, (2)American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States, (3)American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, UNITED STATES
 
Technical, Economic, and Governance Pathways Toward Implementing Marine Enhanced Weathering at Scale (2020977)
Stephen Romaniello1, Douglas O. Edwards2, Zach Cockrum2, Timothy Dierze2 and Alvis Matlija2, (1)Organization Not Listed, Washington, United States, (2)Vesta, PBC, San Francisco, United States
 
Permitting Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement at pilot scale and beyond: insights from field deployments in Halifax Harbour, Canada (2024441)
Tim Cross, Will Burt, Robert Izett, Jason Vallis, Rebecca Berger and Steve Rackley, Planetary Technologies, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
 
Integrated Assessment of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal by Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (2024574)
Wilfried Rickels1, Lotta Siebert1, Wolfgang Koeve2, Patricia Grasse3, Jörg Schwinger4 and Martin Quaas5, (1)Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany, (2)GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, (3)German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany, (4)NORCE Climate and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, (5)University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
 
Near-field OAE signals in the Halifax Harbour Field Trials: Insights from multi-platform high-resolution autonomous sensing (2024937)
Dariia Atamanchuk1, Sean Morgan1, Robert Izett2, Will Burt2, Adam Stoer1, Hadar Berman1, Katja Fennel1, Ruth C Musgrave1, Kirby Simon3 and Mark Andrew Barry4, (1)Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography, Halifax, NS, Canada, (2)Planetary Technologies, Dartmouth, NS, Canada, (3)Sequoia Scientific, Inc., Bellevue, United States, (4)Pro-Oceanus Systems, Bridgewater, NS, Canada
 
Efficiency of mineral-based alkalinity enhancement in the open ocean using idealized dissolution profiles implemented in an Earth system model (2025031)
Friedrich Burger, Urs Hofmann, Hendrik Grosselindemann and Thomas L. Frolicher, University of Bern, Climate and Environmental Physics, Bern, Switzerland
 
Building a Transparent Audit Trail for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) Credits (2027389)
Sherry Lippiatt1, Alicia Karspeck2, Joseph Gaines3 and Matthew C Long3, (1)[C]Worthy, Livermore, United States, (2)[C]Worthy, Boulder, United States, (3)[C]Worthy, LLC, Boulder, United States
 
Validation and Verification of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Credits in the Voluntary Carbon Market (2028761)
Zoe Sandwith, Lily Schacht and Tim Hansen, 350Solutions, Raleigh, United States
 
A vision for ocean liming (2029529)
Judy Savitskaya, Frontier, San Francisco, United States and Dan Kroupa, Frauke Kracke, Zeke Hausfather, Hannah Bebbington, and Nan Ransohoff
 
Scaling mCDR Responsibly: Insights from Early OAE Purchases (2029905)
Frauke Kracke1, Judy Savitskaya2, Joanna Klitzke3, Daniel Kroupa4, Zeke Hausfather5 and Hannah Bebbington2, (1)Frontier climate, Merritt Island, United States, (2)Frontier, San Francisco, United States, (3)Stripe, New York, United States, (4)Frontier Climate, Seattle, United States, (5)Stripe, Oakland, United States
 
Re-designing scientific approaches to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) centered around co-design and ethical engagement (2030988)
Carolyn Buchwald1, Kalina Grabb2, Tyler Eddy3, Megan Bailey2, Wendy Gentleman4, Christopher Bennett5, Andres Cisneros-Montemayor6, Neil Craik7, Ken Paul2, Tyler Sack2, Sara Seck2, Heidi Weigand2, Anya M Waite8, Eric Siegel9 and Kalina Grabb, (1)Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography, Halifax, NS, Canada, (2)Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, (3)Memorial University, St. John's, Canada, (4)Dalhousie University, Department of Engineering Mathematics and Internetworking, Halifax, Canada, (5)Dalhousie Univeristy, Halifax, Canada, (6)Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada, (7)University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, (8)Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, (9)Dalhousie University, Ocean Frontier Institute, Halifax, Canada
 
Regional Feasibility of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal: Integrating Ecological, Economic, and Policy Perspectives (2034339)
Patricia Grasse1, Lotta Siebert2 and Wilfried Rickels2, (1)German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany, (2)Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
 
Is Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal more accepted for the Compensation of Ocean-based Emissions compared to other Emissions? (2035082)
Christine Merk and Andrea K Wunsch, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
 
Public Perceptions of Add-on vs. Novel Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Deployment Scenarios (2036454)
Andrea K Wunsch and Christine Merk, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
 
Resource assessment and Supply Chain Optimisation for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in the UK (2036738)
Mohammad Madankan and Phil Renforth, Heriot-Watt University, Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
 
A Regional Integrated Assessment of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: Linking Biogeochemistry, Ecology, and Economics (2037211)
Lotta Siebert1, Patricia Grasse2 and Wilfried Rickels1, (1)Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany, (2)iDiv University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
 
Building Trust in Ocean-Based Climate Solutions: Results and Lessons from Vycarb’s Fully Measured mCDR Pilot (2037505)
Lydia Keppler1, Benjamin Smith2, Farhana Rahman3 and Garrett Boudinot1, (1)Vycarb Inc., Brooklyn, NY, United States, (2)Vycarb, Inc., Brooklyn, United States, (3)Vycarb Inc., Brooklyn, United States
 
Advancing the potential for environmentally safe, socially acceptable, economically viable, and climatically sustainable mCDR implementation through effective evaluation and assessment mechanisms (2038056)
Christopher Pearce1, Sandy Avrutin2, Jan Bazyli Klakla3, Zeynep Clulow4, Mona Delval5, Willem van Dorp6, Shaun Fitzgerald7, Patricia Grasse8, Donato Greco9, Lisa de Grunt10, Patrick Henriksson5, Lisa Herlicka11, Pedro Linares12, Socratis Loucaides13, Raffaele Marchetti9, Manfredi Marciante9, Silvia Menegazzi9, Frank Meisel11, Christine Merk14, Ginevra le Moli15, Andreas Oschlies2, Gianfranco Pellegrino9, Pietro Pustorino9, Phil Renforth16, David Reiner4, Wilfried Rickels17, Nicolas Ruitenbeek6, Jill Storey10, John Ryan Taylor18, Nils Thonemann5, Pablo Trucco-Pignata19, Jorge Vinuales4, Callum Ward16, Andrea K Wunsch14, Karolina Zubel3 and other members of the SEAO2-CDR consortia, (1)National Oceanography Center, Southampton, United Kingdom, (2)GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, (3)Centrum Analiz Spoleczno-Ekonomicznych, Warsaw, Poland, (4)University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (5)Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands, (6)Uniresearch BV, Delft, Netherlands, (7)Centre for Climate Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (8)iDiv University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, (9)LUISS LIBERA UNIVERSITA INTERNAZIONALE DEGLI STUD, Rome, Italy, (10)World Ocean Council, Paris, France, (11)University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, (12)UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS, Madrid, Spain, (13)National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom, (14)Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany, (15)European University Institute, Florence, Italy, (16)Heriot-Watt University, Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (17)Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany, (18)University of Cambridge, DAMTP, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (19)National Oceanography Centre, Ocean Technology and Engineering, Southampton, United Kingdom
 
Opportunities to Integrate Carbon Dioxide Removal with Coastal Resilience Projects (2040323)
Gabriella Kitch, The Navigation Fund Fellow, Carbon Removal Standards Initiative, Chicago, United States, Anu Khan, Carbon Removal Standards Initiative, Washington, United States, Beck Woollen, Carbon Removal Standards Initiative, Washington D.C., United States, Bradley Rochlin, Cascade Climate, Boston, United States, Diane Hoskins, Carbon to Sea Initiative, Salt Lake City, United States and Priyanka Hooghan, Carbon to Sea Initiative, Washington DC, United States
 
Ion Exchange Resins as Alkalinity Generators for Carbon Capture (2040596)
Mohammed Hashim1,2, Mengshi Liu1 and Seth John1, (1)University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (2)University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Oceanography, Honolulu, United States
 
Scoping the Biogeochemical, Sociolegal and Technoeconomic Drivers of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Anticipating Future Deployment Pathways (2040627)
Stephanie Cortinovis, University of Waterloo, Balsillie School of International Affairs, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Neil Craik, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada and Vanessa J Schweizer, University of Waterloo, Knowledge Integration, Waterloo, ON, Canada
 
A Systematic Review of Geochemical Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal Literature (2042837)
Abby Lunstrum1, Charles de Lannoy2, Jens Hartmann3, David Keller Dr.4, Phil Renforth5, Jennifer Wilcox1, Charly A Moras6, Hussain Almajed7, Sorour Ayobian2, Lennart Thomas Bach8, Nina Bednarsek9, Raffaele Bernardello10, Dr. Momme Butenschön, PhD11, Chiara Ciscato12, Samual Fahrngruber2, Jiaying Guo13, Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez14, Dr Mohamed Katish15, Christine Merk16, Rachel Millar17, Kai Schulz18, Miriam Seifert19, Niels Suitner6, Callum Ward5 and Romany Webb20, (1)University of Pennsylvania, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Philadelphia, United States, (2)McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, (3)Universität Hamburg, Institute for Geology / Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg, Germany, (4)Carbon to Sea Initiative, Washington D.C., United States, (5)Heriot-Watt University, Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (6)University of Hamburg, Institute for Geology, Hamburg, Germany, (7)University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States, (8)Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Hobart, TAS, Australia, (9)CIMERS OSU, Newport, United States, (10)National Oceanography Centre, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, Southampton, United Kingdom, (11)CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Bologna, Italy, (12)Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, EDYSA, Bologna, Italy, (13)University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, (14)University of California Santa Barbara, Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Santa Barbara, United States, (15)Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (16)Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany, (17)Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (18)Southern Cross University, Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Lismore, NSW, Australia, (19)University of Bremen, FB2 Biology/Chemistry, Bremen, Germany, (20)Columbia University, School of Law, New York, United States
 
Trustworthy Science in Remote Environments: A Neural Inference Pipeline for Modeling Sparse Spatial Data (2043587)
Julia Walchessen1, Andrew Zammit-Mangion2, Raphaël Huser3 and Mikael Kuusela1, (1)Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Statistics and Data Science, Pittsburgh, United States, (2)School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics and Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, (3)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
 
Lessons learnt from the development and implementation of a comprehensive framework for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification of a Marine Carbon Dioxide removal pilot plant in the UK. (2043668)
Ricardo Torres1, Thomas George Bell2, Juliane Wihsgott2, Molly James2, Jani Pewter2, Yaru Li2 and Paul Richard Halloran3, (1)Bolding & Bruggeman, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2)Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (3)University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
 
The next generation of mCDR ocean iron fertilization research studies (2044478)
Paul J Morris1, Ken Buesseler2, Fei Chai3, Jessica Drysdale4, Kilaparti Ramakrishna5, Katherine Roche, PhD5, Sarah Smith6, Mark Wells7 and Joo-Eun Yoon8, (1)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (2)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (3)Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, (4)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, United States, (5)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States, (6)Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, United States, (7)University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, Orono, United States, (8)Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
 
Permitting and international governance of ocean iron fertilization mCDR field research (2047193)
Ken Buesseler, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, Katherine Roche, PhD, University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, United States, Romany Webb, Columbia University, School of Law, New York, United States, Ashwin Murthy, Columbia University of New York, Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, New York, United States, Fei Chai, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, Jessica Drysdale, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, United States, Paul J Morris, International Atomic Energy Agency, Monaco, Monaco, Kilaparti Ramakrishna, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States, Sarah Smith, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, United States, Mark Wells, University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, Orono, United States and Joo-Eun Yoon, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
 
Mapping the Efficiency of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) (2048235)
Samantha Allysa Maticka1, Mengyang Zhou2, Matthew C Long1, Alicia Karspeck3, Freya Chay4, Kata Martin4, Shane Loeffler4, Scott Eilerman1, Scott Bachman5, Dafydd Stephenson1, Nora Loose6 and Abigale Wyatt7, (1)[C]Worthy, LLC, Boulder, United States, (2)Yale University, New Haven, United States, (3)[C]Worthy, Boulder, United States, (4)CarbonPlan, San Francisco, United States, (5)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, (7)Princeton University, Geosciences, Princeton, United States
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