This year marks the four hundredth anniversary of the death of Paolo Sarpi (1552-1623), official theologian of the Republic of Venice, historian of the Council of Trent, and a thinker of immense originality. The past few years have been characterized both in Italy and worldwide by a profound renewal of the studies on his thought. In this new and exciting season of studies on Sarpi, it is a common belief that particularly fertile directions for research are the studies on the fortune of Sarpi's works and the group that gathered around him, on the myth of Sarpi's figure, and finally, on his role in the religious and political-diplomatic intricacies that characterize the history of Venice and Europe in the early decades of the 1600s. This new approach allows us to look at Sarpi mainly as the reference point of a large and complex group in Venice and to investigate how his figure, both in life and after his death, influenced the broader debates around the relationship between state and church and freedom of conscience. In doing so, it is therefore possible to escape some of the aporias that have always characterized his elusive and ambiguous personality. At the center of the reflection is no longer the attempt to confine Sarpi in a rigid definition but to see the impact that his works and his image had in his time and beyond. The case studies of this panel engage with this renewed season of studies, investigating some themes of political and religious history that place his figure at the center of the most relevant religious history questions of the early modern era.