Volcanic activity arises from diverse subsurface processes, including magma storage, ascent, degassing, and fracturing. Geophysical observations help reveal these processes by imaging magmatic plumbing systems and detecting both transient signals and longer-term variations.This session invites contributions that use diverse geophysical methods—including seismology, magnetotellurics, gravity, and InSAR—to investigate active or dormant volcanic systems. We particularly welcome studies focusing on:(1) geophysical imaging of subsurface magmatic plumbing systems.(2) magma transport-related seismic signals such as volcanic tremor and long-period events.(3) time-sensitive indicators of volcanic processes such as dV/V, ground deformation, tremor characteristics and changes in seismicity patterns.(4) geophysical modeling aimed at understanding volcano-tectonic processes, including ground deformation and magma-induced inflation or deflation cycles.Applications of emerging approaches in volcano studies, including machine learning, DAS, and other novel observational techniques, as well as contributions from new geophysical instrument deployments, are especially encouraged.

• S - Seismology