Geospatial intelligence (GeoAI)—the integration of remote sensing, GIS, spatiotemporal analytics, and artificial intelligence—has emerged as a powerful tool for uncovering complex patterns and supporting sustainable solutions. However, many existing methods often fall short capturing the changing and interdependent transitions between human and natural ecosystem in dynamic Earth systems. Today’s grand challenges are shaped by hidden feedback loops, spatial heterogeneity, and scale-dependent interactions. This session invites cutting-edge contributions that apply or advance GeoAI to tackle these interconnected challenges. We welcome research on: (1) applications of GeoAI to monitor climate impacts, such as wildfires, extreme weathers, and sea-level rise; (2) utilization of GeoAI to assess spatiotemporal dynamics, vulnerabilities, and impacts of environmental variations; (3) integration of GeoAI with statistical technologies to analyze inequalities, resilience mechanisms, and adaptation planning in socioeconomic development; and (4) methodological innovations in fusing multi-scale spatial data, enhancing remote sensing analytics, and building artificial intelligence frameworks in sustainability research.