This session explores innovative and emerging science and applications of satellite-based nighttime light (NTL) observations to advance understanding of human–Earth system interactions. As a globally consistent and near-real-time proxy for human activity, NTL provides a unique lens to characterize changing socio-economic patterns, evolving infrastructure, and dynamic processes across local to global scales. We invite contributions that advance NTL science through methodological innovation, multi-sensor integration, and real-world applications, particularly those that inform decision-making and provide actionable insights. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, disaster risk reduction and response, humanitarian applications, energy access and equity, urbanization and infrastructure dynamics, light pollution and dark sky preservation, sustainable development, maritime monitoring, nighttime flares and fires, and applications in remote regions such as the Arctic. We also welcome studies that integrate NTL with complementary Earth observations, machine learning approaches, and socio-economic data to strengthen interpretation and practical usability.

• A - Atmospheric Sciences
• GC - Global Environmental Change
• NH - Natural Hazards
• SY - Science and Society