Cities are primary drivers of local environmental change and centers of heightened risk, making them critical hubs for adaptation and mitigation. Given the dearth of urban-resolving observations, models are critical for studying urban systems. These models allow us to assess future changes and explore hypothetical scenarios, but remain limited by uncertainties and crude assumptions. This session invites submissions focused on advancing the representation of coupled human–urban–Earth dynamics in models across scales, from large-eddy simulations to mesoscale models to Earth system models. Key topics include: Urban biophysical/biogeochemical processes; Urban vegetation and its spatiotemporal variability; Energy systems, transportation, and associated emissions; Urban morphology and heterogeneity; Urban air pollution and coupled physical-chemical interactions; Dynamic urbanization across regions; and Interactions between socioeconomic processes and physical systems. We welcome research on new parameterizations, benchmarking, and validation techniques, and encourage submissions on process-based, data-driven, machine learning, and hybrid modeling approaches, along with their associated data products.

• A - Atmospheric Sciences
• B - Biogeosciences
• GH - GeoHealth
• H - Hydrology