Atmospheric aerosols and their interaction with clouds and radiation represent the largest uncertainties in our understanding of the climate. Beyond the climatic effects, their implications on air quality and human health are also profound. This session seeks to bring together recent advances, including but not limited to the following topics: (1) theoretical, observational, and modeling effort on aerosol processes and their impacts on cloud and precipitation processes; (2) characterization of aerosol interactions with radiation (ARI) and clouds (ACI); (3) aerosol interactions with the biosphere, such as dust and biomass-burning aerosols with the biogeochemical cycle; (4) the impact of atmospheric particulate matter and its chemical components on air quality and human health; (5) geoengineering, such as stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cirrus cloud thinning; (6) aerosols' effect on extreme weather events; and (7) artificial intelligence (AI) for aerosol and aerosol-cloud research.