NASA Harvest and NASA Acres jointly convene this session to showcase new findings, innovative methods, data sources, and key challenges in applying Earth observation (EO) to agriculture and food supply across scales and regions. Covering both domestic and global contexts, the session will also highlight emerging technologies—including AI, cloud computing, and advanced field data tools—that are shaping the future of EO-driven agricultural monitoring and decision-making. For over five decades, NASA and its partners have advanced EO tools to assess crop conditions, issue early warnings, and close information gaps. Recent progress—such as higher-resolution sensors, faster data delivery, and more accessible, analysis-ready datasets—has broadened EO’s impact in agriculture. As NASA’s global and domestic agriculture and food supply consortia, NASA Harvest and NASA Acres work across sectors and disciplines to support informed, resilient decision-making. We welcome submissions from researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders across the agricultural and remote sensing communities.