Kevin James Genestreti¹, Tai Phan², Richard Eugene Denton³, Roy B Torbert^4,5, James L Burch⁶, James Webster^6,7, Karlheinz J Trattner⁸, Shan Wang⁹, Matthew R Argall¹⁰, Dominic Payne¹¹, Li-Jen Chen¹², Stephen A Fuselier¹³, Sarah K. Vines¹⁴, Jeffrey Michael Broll⁶, Barbara L Giles¹⁵, Narges Ahmadi¹⁶, Robert Ergun¹⁷, Christopher T Russell¹⁸, Robert J Strangeway¹⁹ and Stefan Eriksson²⁰, (1)University of New Hampshire, Space Science Center, Durham, NH, United States, (2)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (3)Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, NH, United States, (4)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (5)Southwest Research Institute Durham, Durham, NH, United States, (6)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (7)Rice University, Houston, TX, United States, (8)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (9)Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States, (10)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (11)University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, (12)Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (13)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, United States, (14)University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (15)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (16)University of Colorado at Boulder, LASP, Boulder, CO, United States, (17)University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (18)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (19)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (20)Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States

Alexander S Lipatov¹, Levon A Avanov² and Barbara L Giles², (1)University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

C Philippe Escoubet, European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk Zh, Netherlands and Cluster-MMS team

Naïs Fargette¹, Benoit Lavraud², Christian Jacquey¹, Sergio Toledo Redondo¹, Marit Oieroset³, Tai Phan⁴, Stephen A Fuselier⁵, Karlheinz J Trattner⁶, Petrinec M Steven⁷, Sid Fadanelli¹, Philippe Garnier⁸, Vincent N Genot⁹, Quentin Lenouvel¹, Emmanuel Penou⁸, Jean-Andre Sauvaud¹, Levon A Avanov¹⁰, James L Burch¹¹, Michael O Chandler¹², Victoria N Coffey¹³, John Dorelli¹⁴, Jonathan P Eastwood¹⁵, Daniel J Gershman¹⁶, Barbara L Giles¹⁰, Elena E. Grigorenko¹⁷, Hiroshi Hasegawa¹⁸, Thomas Earle Moore¹⁹, William R Paterson²⁰, Craig J Pollock¹⁰, Yoshifumi Saito²¹, Conrad Schiff¹⁶ and Suzanne Elizabeth Smith²², (1)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (2)IRAP/CNRS, Toulouse, France, (3)Univ California, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (5)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (6)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (7)Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Cupertino, CA, United States, (8)Universite Paul Sabatier, TOULOUSE, France, (9)IRAP / CNRS / UPS, PEPS, Toulouse, France, (10)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (11)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (12)NASA-MSFC, Huntsville, AL, United States, (13)NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL, United States, (14)NASA-GSFC, Rockville, MD, United States, (15)Imperial College London, Physics, London, United Kingdom, (16)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (17)Space Research Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia, (18)JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan, (19)NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (20)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Geospace Physics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (21)Inst Space & Astronautical Sci, Kanagawa, Japan, (22)Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States

Andrew P Dimmock¹, Christopher T Russell², Roald Sagdeev³, Vladimir Krasnoselskikh⁴, Simon N Walker⁵, Chris Carr⁶, Iannis S Dandouras⁷, C Philippe Escoubet⁸, Natalia Y Ganushkina⁹, Michael Gedalin¹⁰, Yuri Khotyaintsev¹¹, Homayon Aryan⁵, Tuija I Pulkkinen¹² and Michael A Balikhin¹³, (1)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, (2)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)University of Maryland College Park, Physics, College Park, MD, United States, (4)LPC2E, CNRS and University of Orléans, Orléans, France, (5)University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10, United Kingdom, (6)Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, (7)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (8)ESTEC/ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands, (9)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (10)Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, (11)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (12)University of Michigan, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, United States, (13)Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Oleksandr Goncharov¹, Herbert Gunell², Maria Hamrin³, Linus Norenius¹ and Ghai Siung Chong⁴, (1)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, (2)BIRA-IASB, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium, (3)Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden, (4)University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10, United Kingdom

Timo Pitkänen^1,2, Maria Hamrin², Ramon E Lopez³, Herbert Gunell^2,4, Alexandre De Spiegeleer², Oleksandr Goncharov², Linus Norenius² and Ghai Siung Chong², (1)Shandong University, Weihai, China, (2)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, (3)University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States, (4)Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium

Michael Hesse¹, James Burch², Paul Tenfjord¹, Cecilia Norgren³, Yi-Hsin Liu⁴, Li-Jen Chen⁵, Naoki Bessho⁶, Hakon Kolsto¹ and Susanne Spinnangr¹, (1)University of Bergen, Birkeland Centre for Space Science, Bergen, Norway, (2)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (3)University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, (4)Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (6)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States

Anton Artemyev¹, Vassilis Angelopoulos², Ivan Vasko³, Xiao-Jia Zhang¹, Andrei Runov⁴ and Lev M Zelenyi⁵, (1)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)Space Science Lab, UC berkeley, Moscow, CA, United States, (4)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Moscow, Russia

Pavel Shustov¹, Toshi Nishimura², Anton Artemyev³, Xiao-Jia Zhang³, Vassilis Angelopoulos⁴ and Anatoli A Petrukovich¹, (1)Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia, (2)UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Alexander Lukin, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Evgeny V Panov, Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, Anton Artemyev, University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Anatoli A Petrukovich, Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia and Rumi Nakamura, Space Reserach Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria

Chris A Colpitts¹, Aaron W Breneman², Yoshizumi Miyoshi³, Mykhaylo Shumko⁴, Cynthia A Cattell¹, Yoshiya Kasahara⁵, Yuto Katoh⁶ and John R Wygant⁷, (1)University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, Minneapolis, MN, United States, (2)The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, (3)Nagoya University, ISEE, Nagoya, Japan, (4)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States, (5)Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, (6)Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, (7)University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

Hiroshi Hasegawa¹, Richard Eugene Denton², Rumi Nakamura³, Kevin James Genestreti⁴, Takuma Nakamura⁵, Kyoung-Joo Hwang⁶, Tai Phan⁷, Roy B Torbert⁸, James Burch⁶, Barbara L Giles⁹, Daniel J Gershman¹⁰, Christopher T Russell¹¹, Robert J Strangeway¹², Per-Arne Lindqvist¹³, Yuri Khotyaintsev¹⁴, James Webster¹⁵, Naritoshi Kitamura¹⁶ and Yoshifumi Saito¹⁷, (1)JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan, (2)Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, NH, United States, (3)Space Reserach Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, (4)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (5)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Plasma Theory and App, Los Alamos, NM, United States, (6)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (7)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (8)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (10)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (11)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (12)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (13)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (14)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (15)University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (16)The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, (17)Inst Space & Astronautical Sci, Kanagawa, Japan

Kyunghwan Dokgo¹, Kyoung-Joo Hwang¹, James L Burch², Peter H Yoon³ and Daniel Graham⁴, (1)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (2)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (3)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States, (4)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden

Robert L Richard¹, David Schriver¹, Jean Berchem¹, Mostafa El-Alaoui², Giovanni Lapenta³ and Raymond J Walker⁴, (1)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)UCLA, Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Leuven, Belgium, (4)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Youra SHIN, Space science research, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, Ensang Lee, Dept. of Astronomy and Space Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and Jaejin Lee, KASI, Daejeon, South Korea

Jean Berchem¹, Giovanni Lapenta², Robert L Richard¹, William R Paterson³, C Philippe Escoubet⁴, Mostafa El-Alaoui⁵, Raymond J Walker⁶ and David Schriver¹, (1)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Leuven, Belgium, (3)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Geospace Physics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (4)ESTEC/ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands, (5)UCLA, Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (6)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Xuzhi Zhou¹, Jinghuan Li², Fan Yang², Qiugang Zong¹, Han Liu², Anton Artemyev³, Yao Shutao⁴, Ji Liu⁵ and Quanqi Shi⁴, (1)Peking University, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Beijing, China, (2)Peking University, Beijing, China, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China, (5)NSSC National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing, China

Anmin Tian¹, Kai Xiao¹, Alexander W Degeling² and Quanqi Shi², (1)Shandong University at Weihai, Institute of Space Science, Weihai, China, (2)Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China

Katherine Goodrich¹, Stuart D Bale², John W Bonnell², James Burch³, Shannon Curry⁴, Thierry Dudok de Wit⁵, Robert Ergun⁶, Barbara L Giles⁷, Keith Goetz⁸, Peter Harvey⁹, Sanni Hoilijoki¹⁰, Yuri Khotyaintsev¹¹, Per-Arne Lindqvist¹², Robert J. MacDowall¹³, David Malaspina¹⁴, Tai D. Phan¹⁵, Marc Pulupa², Christopher T Russell¹⁶, Jason R Shuster¹⁷ and Robert J Strangeway¹⁸, (1)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (3)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (4)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (5)LPC2E, CNRS and University of Orléans, Orléans, France, (6)Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (8)University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, (9)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (10)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (11)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (12)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (13)NASA Goddard SFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (14)University of Colorado, Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (15)SSL, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (16)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (17)University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, (18)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Naritoshi Kitamura¹, Takanobu Amano², Yoshiharu Omura³, Satoko Nakamura³, Scott A Boardsen⁴, Narges Ahmadi⁵, Olivier Le Contel⁶, James Webster⁷, Per-Arne Lindqvist⁸, Yoshifumi Saito⁹, Shoichiro Yokota¹⁰, Daniel J Gershman¹¹, Barbara L Giles¹², William R Paterson¹³, Thomas Earle Moore¹⁴, Craig J Pollock¹⁵, Christopher T Russell¹⁶, Robert J Strangeway¹⁷ and James L Burch¹⁸, (1)University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, (2)The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, (3)Kyoto University, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto, Japan, (4)NASA Goddard SFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (5)University of Colorado at Boulder, LASP, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (UMR7648), CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Univ. Paris Sud/Obs. de Paris, Paris, France, (7)University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (8)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (9)Inst Space & Astronautical Sci, Kanagawa, Japan, (10)Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, (11)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (12)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (13)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Geospace Physics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (14)NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (15)Denali Scientific, Healy, AK, United States, (16)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (17)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (18)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States

Dong Sheng Cai¹, Yao Jiang¹ and Bertrand Lembege², (1)University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, (2)LATMOS, HEPPI, Guyancourt, France

Lei Cheng¹, Yu Lin¹, Xueyi Wang¹, Joseph D Perez¹, Jay Johnson², Simon Wing³ and Xu Zhang⁴, (1)Auburn University, Physics Department, Auburn, AL, United States, (2)Andrews University, Department of Engineering & Computer Science, Berrien Springs, MI, United States, (3)Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, (4)University of California Los Angeles, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States

L. Sanna¹, Giovanni Lapenta², Raymond J Walker³, Mostafa El-Alaoui⁴, Jean Berchem⁵ and David Schriver⁵, (1)Divisione Spazio, Torino, Italy, (2)Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Leuven, Belgium, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)UCLA, Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Darshan Philip Gove¹, Frederick D Wilder², Stefan Eriksson³, Robert Ergun⁴, Narges Ahmadi⁵, Julia E Stawarz², James Burch⁶, Roy B Torbert⁷, Barbara L Giles⁸ and Robert J Strangeway⁹, (1)Organization Not Listed, Washington, DC, United States, (2)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)University of Colorado at Boulder, LASP, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (7)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (9)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Frederick D Wilder¹, Robert Ergun², Narges Ahmadi³, Steven J Schwartz⁴, Stefan Eriksson², Justin C. Holmes⁵, James Burch⁶, Roy B Torbert⁷, Robert J Strangeway⁸ and Barbara L Giles⁹, (1)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)University of Colorado at Boulder, LASP, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, (5)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (7)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (8)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Emma Rose Stohlman, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States, Narges Ahmadi, University of Colorado at Boulder, LASP, Boulder, CO, United States, Frederick D Wilder, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States and James Webster, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States

Jason R Shuster¹, Daniel J Gershman², Barbara L Giles³, John Dorelli⁴, Shan Wang⁵, Naoki Bessho⁶, Li J Chen³, Daniel Da Silva⁷, Vadim M Uritsky⁸ and William R Paterson⁹, (1)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (3)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (4)NASA-GSFC, Rockville, MD, United States, (5)Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States, (6)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Cent, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Geospace Physics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Ying Zou^1,2, Brian Walsh¹, Vassilis Angelopoulos³ and Jiang Liu⁴, (1)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (2)University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States, (3)University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Mikhail I. Sitnov¹, Grant Killian Stephens², Nikolai A Tsyganenko³, Yukinaga Miyashita⁴, Viacheslav G Merkin⁵, Tetsuo Motoba⁶, Shinichi Ohtani⁶ and Kevin James Genestreti⁷, (1)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (2)Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins, Laurel, MD, United States, (3)Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, (4)Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea, (5)The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States, (6)JHU/APL, Laurel, MD, United States, (7)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States

Yao Jiang¹, Dong Sheng Cai¹ and Bertrand Lembege², (1)University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, (2)LATMOS, HEPPI, Guyancourt, France

Ji Liu¹, Yao Shutao², Quanqi Shi², Xiaogang Wang³, Qiugang Zong⁴, Yongyong Feng⁵, Han Liu⁶, Ruilong Guo⁶, Zhonghua Yao⁷, Jonathan Rae⁸, Alexander W Degeling⁹, Anmin Tian², Christopher T Russell¹⁰, Yiteng Zhang⁵, Yuxian Wang⁵, Zuyin Pu⁶, Chijie Xiao⁶, Suiyan Fu¹¹ and Barbara L Giles¹², (1)UCAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (2)Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China, (3)HIT Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, (4)Peking University, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Beijing, China, (5)NSSC National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing, China, (6)Peking University, Beijing, China, (7)Laboratorie de physique Atmospherique et Planetaire, Liege, Belgium, (8)University College London, London, United Kingdom, (9)University of Alberta, Physics, Edmonton, Canada, (10)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (11)Peking Univ, Beijing, China, (12)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Michael Terres and Gang Li, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States

Kyoung-Joo Hwang¹, Eunjin Choi², Kyunghwan Dokgo¹, James L Burch³, David G Sibeck⁴, Melvin Goldstein^5,6, Barbara L Giles⁵, Craig J Pollock⁷, Hiroshi Hasegawa⁸, Yuri Khotyaintsev⁹, Daniel Graham¹⁰, Quanqi Shi¹¹, Huishan Fu¹², Sergio Toledo-Redondo¹³, C Philippe Escoubet¹⁴, Daniel J Gershman¹⁵, Robert Ergun¹⁶, Roy B Torbert¹⁷ and C. T. Russell¹⁸, (1)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (2)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, United States, (3)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (4)NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (6)University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Goddard Planetary and Heliophysics Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, (7)Denali Scientific, Healy, AK, United States, (8)JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan, (9)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (10)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, (11)Peking University, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking, China, (12)Beihang University, Beijing, China, (13)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (14)ESTEC/ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands, (15)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (16)Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (17)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (18)UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Mojtaba Akhavan-Tafti¹, Minna Palmroth², James A Slavin³, Markus Batttarbee², Urs Ganse², Maxime Grandin², Guan Le⁴ and Daniel J Gershman⁵, (1)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (2)University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Helsinki, Finland, (3)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (4)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Jan Egedal, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States, Jonathan Ng, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States, Ari Le, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States, Blake Wetherton, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, William S Daughton, MS-F699, Plasma Theory and App, Los Alamos, NM, United States, John Dorelli, NASA-GSFC, Rockville, MD, United States, Daniel J Gershman, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States and Amy Catherine Rager, Catholic University of America, Physics, Washington, DC, United States

Xin An, University of California Los Angeles, Atmosphere and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jacob Bortnik, University of California Los Angeles, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Xiaojia Zhang, IGPP, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States and Jinxing Li, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States

Robert Ergun¹, Narges Ahmadi², Garyfallia Kromyda², Steven J Schwartz¹, Julia E Stawarz³, Katherine Goodrich⁴, Alexandros Chasapis⁵, Roy B Torbert⁶, James Burch⁷, Drew L Turner⁸ and Robert J Strangeway⁹, (1)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)University of Colorado at Boulder, LASP, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, (4)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (5)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (6)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (7)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (8)The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, United States, (9)Univ California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Rachel Rice, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States, Katariina Nykyri, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ, Daytona Beach, FL, United States, Xuanye Ma, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, United States, Brandon L Burkholder, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, Jay Johnson, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, NJ, United States, Jeffrey Michael Broll, Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, Daniel J Gershman, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States and Barbara L Giles, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Tzu-Fang Chang, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Sixue Xu, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Andrei Runov, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Anton Artemyev, University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States and Vassilis Angelopoulos, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Craig J Pollock, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK, United States, James Burch, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, Barbara L Giles, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, William H Matthaeus, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States and Christopher T Russell, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Eun-Hwa Kim, Princeton University, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States, Jay Johnson, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Princeton, NJ, United States; Andrews University, Berrien Springs, NJ, United States, Xuanye Ma, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States, Katariina Nykyri, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ, Daytona Beach, FL, United States and Peter A Delamere, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States