Christopher S Potter, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States

Cailee S Peterson, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States and A. Joshua Leffler, South Dakota State University, Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD, United States

Ethan D. Kyzivat¹, Laurence C Smith¹, Colin J Gleason², Tamlin Pavelsky³, Theodore Langhorst³, Jessica V. Fayne⁴, Catherine Kuhn⁵, Merritt Harlan⁶, Yuta Ishitsuka⁷, Dongmei Feng⁸, Robert G Striegl⁹, Kimberly Wickland¹⁰, Mark Dornblaser¹¹ and David E Butman¹², (1)Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, (2)University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States, (3)University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, (4)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Geography, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)University of Washington Seattle Campus, School of Environmental and Forestry Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States, (6)UMass-Amherst, Amherst, United States, (7)University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States, (8)University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States, (9)USGS WRD, Boulder, CO, United States, (10)US Geological Survey, Water Resources Mission Area, Boulder, CO, United States, (11)US Geological Survey, Boulder, CO, United States, (12)University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States

Sol Cooperdock¹, Scott J Goetz², Michelle C Mack³, Robbie A Hember⁴, Logan T. Berner², Richard Massey², Stefano Potter¹ and Brendan M Rogers¹, (1)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (2)Northern Arizona University, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, (3)Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, (4)Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada

Chris Hopkinson, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada, Laura Chasmer, University of Lethbridge, Geography, Lethbridge, AB, Canada, William L Quinton, Wilfrid Laurier University, Geography and Environmental Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Linda Flade Flade, University of Lethbridge, Geography, Lethbridge, Canada, Maxim Okhrimenko, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada and Guillermo Castilla, Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, Canada

Jiaying He¹, Tatiana V Loboda¹, Liza K. Jenkins² and Dong Chen³, (1)University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States, (2)Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (3)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, United States

Paul M Montesano¹, Amanda Hildt Armstrong², Batuhan Osmanoglu¹, Howard E Epstein³, Kenneth Ranson¹ and Herman Henry Shugart⁴, (1)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)Universities Space Research Association Columbia, Columbia, MD, United States, (3)University of Virginia Main Campus, Environmental Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, United States, (4)University of Virginia Main Campus, Charlottesville, VA, United States

Karl F Huemmrich¹, Sergio A Vargas Zesati², Craig E. Tweedie², Petya K. E. Campbell³ and Elizabeth Middleton⁴, (1)University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States, (2)University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States, (3)UMBC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (4)NASA Goddard Space Flight Cen., Greenbelt, MD, United States

Scott J Goetz, Northern Arizona University, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, Charles E Miller, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA, United States, Peter C Griffith, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Elisabeth K Larson, NASA, Washington, DC, United States, Elizabeth Embury Hoy, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Global Science and Technology Inc Greenbelt, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Michael J Falkowski, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States and Hank A Margolis, NASA Headquarters, Washington, United States

Anneka Williams, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States, Susan Natali, Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, Sarah Ludwig, Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, Seeta Sistla, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, Paul James Mann, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom and John D Schade, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States

Henry Churchill Henson¹, Paul James Mann², Aquanette Sanders³, Susan Natali⁴, John D Schade¹, Sarah Ludwig⁵ and Seeta Sistla⁶, (1)St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, (2)Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, (3)University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science, Austin, TX, United States, (4)Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (5)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (6)University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States

Ellen Bradley, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States, Susan Natali, Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, John D Schade, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, Lucy Packer, Student, Swannanoa, NC, United States, Paul James Mann, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, Bianca Rodriguez-Cardona, University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, Linda Deegan, Marine Biological Laboratory, Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, MA, United States and Sarah Ludwig, Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States

Natalie Baillargeon, Smith College, Northampton, MA, United States, Rhys MacArthur, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, United States, Seeta Sistla, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, Susan Natali, Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, John D Schade, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States and Sarah Ludwig, Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States

Michael Alonzo¹, Roman J. Dial², Beth Schulz³, Hans-Erik Andersen⁴, Bruce Cook⁵ and Douglas C Morton⁵, (1)American University, Washington, DC, United States, (2)Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, United States, (3)USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Anchorage, AK, United States, (4)USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Seattle, WA, United States, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Christopher Schulze¹, Carolina Voigt², Oliver Sonnentag³, Guillermo Hernandez Ramirez¹, Lauren Thompson¹, McKenzie Ann Kuhn¹, Liam Heffernan¹ and David Olefeldt¹, (1)University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada, (2)Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Montréal, QC, Canada, (3)University of Montreal, Department of Geography, Montreal, Canada

Uma Suren Bhatt, Donald A Walker and Martha K Raynolds, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Dong Chen, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States, Joanne Hall, University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, MD, United States, Tatiana V Loboda, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States and Jonathan Boucher, Société de Protection des Forêts Contre le feu, Quebec City, QC, Canada

Lucy Packer, Warren Wilson College, Swannanoa, NC, United States, Ellen Bradley, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States, Bianca Rodriguez-Cardona, University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, Paul James Mann, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, Susan Natali, Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, Seeta Sistla, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, John D Schade, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, Linda Deegan, Marine Biological Laboratory, Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, MA, United States and Sarah Ludwig, Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States

Julian Dann¹, Cathy Jean Wilson¹, Emma Lathrop¹, Richard H Chen², Robert W. Bolton³, Mahta Moghaddam⁴, Lauren Charsley-Groffman¹, Dea Musa⁵ and Stan Wullschleger⁶, (1)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States, (2)University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (4)University of Southern California, Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos, NM, United States, (6)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States

Amy Hendricks¹, Uma Suren Bhatt¹, Gerald V Frost Jr², Peter Bieniek³ and Matthew J Macander⁴, (1)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (2)ABR, Inc. - Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks, United States, (3)International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (4)ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Venkata Shashank Konduri, Northeastern University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, United States, Jitendra Kumar, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, Forrest M. Hoffman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational Earth Sciences Group and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United States and William Walter Hargrove, USDA Forest Service, Vallejo, CA, United States

Haley Dunleavy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States and Michelle C Mack, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States

Charles E Umbanhowar Jr, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, Lucienne N Devitt, St Olaf College, Northfield, United States and Philip Camill, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States

Cody Nguyen¹, Joshua Fisher¹ and Anna Laure Gagné-Landmann², (1)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (2)Laval University, Quebec City, Canada

Jessica Richert¹, Alan Joshua Leffler^2,3, Donald E Spalinger⁴ and Jeffrey M Welker⁴, (1)South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States, (2)Lawrence, KS, United States, (3)South Dakota State University, Department of Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD, United States, (4)University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, AK, United States

Kathy Kelsey, University of Colorado Denver, Geography and Environmental Science, Denver, CO, United States, Stine Højlund Pedersen, University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, United States, A. Joshua Leffler, South Dakota State University, Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD, United States, Joseph O Sexton, terraPulse, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States and Jeffrey M Welker, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States; University of Oulu & UArctic, Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Oulu, Finland

Julia Stuart, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, Marion Syndonia Bret-Harte, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States and Michelle C Mack, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States

Carolyn Gibson¹, Merritt R Turetsky¹, Todd Jared Brinkman², Andrew Spring³ and Jennifer Lynn Baltzer⁴, (1)University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, (2)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (3)Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, (4)Wilfrid Laurier University, Biology Department, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Miho Morimoto and Matthew Robertson, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Jessica V Fayne¹, Laurence C Smith², Lincoln H Pitcher¹, Ethan D. Kyzivat², Matthew G Cooper³, Sarah W Cooley² and Merritt Harlan⁴, (1)University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, (3)University of California, Los Angeles, Geography, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)UMass-Amherst, Amherst, United States

Zhihua Liu¹, John Kimball², Nicholas Parazoo³, Ashley Ballantyne¹, Nima Madani³, Susan Natali⁴, Jennifer Watts⁵, Ana Bastos⁶ and Philippe Ciais⁷, (1)University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States, (2)University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, Missoula, MT, United States, (3)NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (4)Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (5)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, United States, (6)Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany, (7)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France

Charles E Miller, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Peter C Griffith, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Scott J Goetz, Northern Arizona University, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, Elizabeth Embury Hoy, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Global Science and Technology Inc Greenbelt, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Daniel J. Hodkinson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Sciences, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Elisabeth K Larson, NASA, Washington, DC, United States, Michael J Falkowski, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Hank A Margolis, NASA Headquarters, Washington, United States and ABoVE Science Team

Mari Könönen, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; University of Western Ontario, Biology, London, Canada, Elaine Pegoraro, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, Samantha Miller, Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, Edward Schuur, Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States and Michelle C Mack, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States

Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, Shawn Serbin, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, NY, United States, Tobey Carman, Spatial Ecology Lab, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Anchorage, AK, United States, Jennifer Fraterrigo, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, Genet Helene, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, United States, Colleen M. Iversen, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, Verity G Salmon, University of Florida, Ft Walton Beach, FL, United States and Anthony David McGuire, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Logan T. Berner and Scott J Goetz, Northern Arizona University, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ, United States

Kevin M Schaefer¹, Richard H Chen², Roger J Michaelides³, Mahta Moghaddam⁴, Andy Parsekian⁵, Taylor D Sullivan⁵ and Howard A Zebker⁶, (1)National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)Stanford University, Geophysics, Stanford, CA, United States, (4)University of Southern California, Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States, (6)Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA, United States

Kazem Bakian Dogaheh¹, Richard H Chen², Mahta Moghaddam³ and Alireza Tabatabaeenejad², (1)University of Southern California, Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)University of Southern California, Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi, University of Texas at El Paso, Biological Sciences, El Paso, TX, United States, Heidi Steltzer, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO, United States, Patrick Sullivan, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States, Aliza D Segal, Carolyn Livensperger, Colorado State University, Environmental Science and Sustainability, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Joshua Schimel, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States and Michael N Weintraub, University of Toledo, Environmental Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States

Rhys MacArthur, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, United States, Natalie Baillargeon, Smith College, Northampton, MA, United States, Seeta Sistla, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States, Susan Natali, Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, John D Schade, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, United States, Sarah Ludwig, Columbia University of New York, Palisades, United States and Paul James Mann, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Bailey Danielle Morrison, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States, Guillaume de Lafontaine, University of Quebec at Rimouski UQAR, Rimouski, QC, Canada and Joseph Napier, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States

Monica Elizabeth Ague, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States, Kathy Kelsey, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, A. Joshua Leffler, South Dakota State University, Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD, United States, Stine Højlund Pedersen, University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, United States and Jeffrey M Welker, University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, AK, United States; University of Oulu & UArctic, Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Oulu, Finland

Nina Alessandra Randazzo¹, Anna Michalak², Scot M Miller³, Yoichi Paolo Shiga⁴, Yuanyuan Fang¹, Vineet Yadav⁵ and Charles E Miller⁶, (1)Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford, Stanford, CA, United States, (2)Carnegie Institution for Science, Global Ecology, Washington, United States, (3)Johns Hopkins University, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States, (4)Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, (5)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (6)Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA, United States

Heidi Becker¹, A. Joshua Leffler¹, Donald E Spalinger² and Jeffrey M Welker², (1)South Dakota State University, Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD, United States, (2)University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, AK, United States

Michael N Weintraub¹, Cameron Kyle McMillan¹ and Emily Nicole Clark², (1)University of Toledo, Environmental Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States, (2)Bowling Green State University Main Campus, Bowling Green, OH, United States

Michael Moubarak¹, Susan Natali², Brendan M Rogers², Seeta Sistla³, Sol Cooperdock², Anne-Katrin Selbmann⁴, Sarah Ludwig² and Daniel S Ward⁵, (1)Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, United States, (2)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (3)California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States, (4)University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, (5)Karen Clark and Co, Boston, NY, United States

Erik Larson¹, William Munger², Luke D Schiferl¹, Roisin Commane³, Steven C Wofsy⁴ and Paul R Moorcroft¹, (1)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (2)Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States, (3)Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, United States, (4)Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States

JiHyun Kim¹, Yeonjoo Kim², Nancy Y Kiang³, Donatella Zona^4,5, Walter C Oechel^6,7, Igor D Aleinov³, Crystal Schaaf⁸ and Yonghong Yi⁹, (1)Yonsei University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South), (2)Yonsei University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul, South Korea, (3)NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States, (4)University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, (5)San Diego State University, San Diego, United States, (6)University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, (7)San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States, (8)University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA, United States, (9)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States

Catherine Kuhn, University of Washington Seattle Campus, School of Environmental and Forestry Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States, Matthew Bogard, University of Washington Seattle Campus, Seattle, WA, United States, Jillian M Deines, Stanford University, Department of Earth System Science, Stanford, CA, United States, Mark Dornblaser, US Geological Survey, Boulder, CO, United States, Kimberly Wickland, US Geological Survey, Water Resources Mission Area, Boulder, CO, United States, Robert G Striegl, USGS WRD, Boulder, CO, United States and David E Butman, Yale University, Hamden, CT, United States

Adrianna Foster, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Jacquelyn K Shuman, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, Brendan M Rogers, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, Xanthe Walker, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, United States, Michelle C Mack, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States and Scott J Goetz, Northern Arizona University, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ, United States

Roman J. Dial, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, United States, Colin Taylor Maher, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States, Rebecca E Hewitt, Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, AZ, United States and Patrick Sullivan, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States

Taejin Park¹, Ranga B Myneni² and Yuri Knyazikhin², (1)Boston University, Earth and Environment, Boston, United States, (2)Boston University, Earth and Environment, Boston, MA, United States

Matthew J Macander, Alaska Biological Research, Inc., Fairbanks, AK, United States, Gerald V Frost Jr, Alaska Biological Research, Inc., Fairbanks, United States, Paul Montesano, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, United States, Christopher S R Neigh, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Peter Nelson, University of Maine at Fort Kent, Arts and Sciences Division, Fort Kent, ME, United States, Wouter Hantson, University of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Orono, ME, United States and David P. Paradis, Student, Fort Kent, United States

Lisa R Welp, Purdue University, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, United States, Leonardo Calle, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Washington DC, United States, Heather D Graven, Imperial College London, London, SW7, United Kingdom, Benjamin Poulter, NASA GSFC, Biospheric Science, Greenbelt, MD, United States; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States and Ralph F Keeling, Univ California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

Hocheol Seo, Yonsei University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) and Yeonjoo Kim, Yonsei University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul, South Korea

Mary Aronne^1,2 and Mark Carroll², (1)ASRC Federal Holding Company, Beltsville, MD, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Peter E Thornton¹, Stan Wullschleger², Colleen M. Iversen¹, Cathy Jean Wilson³, Baptiste Dafflon⁴, David E Graham⁵, Margaret S Torn⁶, Verity G Salmon¹, Fengming Yuan⁷, Scott L Painter⁸, Ahmad Jan⁸, Ethan T Coon⁸, Benjamin Sulman¹, Teri O'Meara⁹ and Jitendra Kumar¹, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (2)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (3)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States, (4)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Berkeley, CA, United States, (5)Oak Ridge National Lab, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (6)Berkeley Lab/UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (7)ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (8)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (9)Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater, Edgewater, MD, United States

Kevin W Turner, Brock University, Geography, St Catharines, ON, Canada, William Brent Thorne, Brock University, Earth Science, St. Catharines, ON, Canada, Ian McDonald, Parks Canada, Vuntut National Park, Whitehorse, YT, Canada and Michelle Pearce, Brock University, Geography and Tourism Studies, St Catharines, ON, Canada

Lei Hu¹, Stephen A Montzka², Aleya Kaushik³, Kathryn McKain⁴, Colm Sweeney⁵, John B Miller⁶, Arlyn E Andrews³, Kirk W Thoning¹, Benjamin R Miller⁷, Ian T Baker⁸, J Elliott Campbell⁹, Yoichi Paolo Shiga¹⁰, John Henderson¹¹, Thomas Nehrkorn¹², Marikate Ellis Mountain¹¹, Luke D Schiferl⁴ and Roisin Commane¹³, (1)NOAA Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)NOAA/ESRL, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (5)NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)NOAA, ESRL/GMD, Boulder, CO, United States, (7)Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, (8)Colorado State University, Atmospheric Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, United States, (9)University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States, (10)Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, (11)Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA, United States, (12)AER Inc, Lexington, MA, United States, (13)Columbia University of New York City, Palisades, CA, United States

Anna Laure Gagné-Landmann¹, Audrey Wang², Joanie St-Onge¹, Joshua Fisher³, Deborah N Huntzinger⁴, Eric Bharucha¹, Jean-Marie Trudeau¹ and Younes Messaddeq¹, (1)Laval University, Quebec City, Canada, (2)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States, (3)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (4)Northern Arizona University, School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, United States

Luke D Schiferl¹, Margaret Powell¹, Sebastien Biraud², Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen³, Mary Farina⁴, John Henderson⁵, Erik Larson⁶, J William Munger¹, Colm Sweeney⁷, Jennifer Watts⁸, Donatella Zona⁹ and Roisin Commane¹⁰, (1)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (2)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (3)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (4)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (5)Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA, United States, (6)Harvard University, Cambridge, United States, (7)NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States, (8)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, United States, (9)San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States, (10)Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, United States

Elizabeth Embury Hoy^1,2, Alison Boyer³, Laura Carriere⁴, Debjani Deb³, Peter C Griffith⁵, Darby Levin⁶, Megan E. McGroddy⁷, Julien Peters⁴, Ellen M Salmon⁸, James Shute⁹ and Matthew Stroud¹⁰, (1)Global Science and Technology Inc Greenbelt, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (3)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (4)NCCS, NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (5)NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (6)University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, (7)University of Virginia Main Campus, Charlottesville, VA, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (9)CSRA/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (10)NASA Center for Climate Simulation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Jeremy Graham, Michigan Technological University, Michigan Tech Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Laura L Bourgeau-Chavez, Michigan Technological University, MI, USA, Michigan Tech Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Nancy H F French, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States; Michigan Technological University, Michigan Tech Research Institute, Houghton, MI, United States, Michael Battaglia, Michigan Technolgical University, Michigan Tech Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, United States and Evan S Kane, Michigan Technological University, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Houghton, MI, United States

Anna Costa¹, Martin Stuefer¹, Telayna Wong¹, Jason Grimes² and Jiang Zhu², (1)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (2)University of Alaska Fairbanks, GINA, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Anastasia Sniderhan, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Christopher Spence, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Saskatoon, SK, Canada and Jennifer Lynn Baltzer, Wilfrid Laurier University, Biology Department, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Benjamin N Sulman¹, Fengming Yuan¹, Verity G Salmon¹, Colleen M. Iversen¹, Amy Lynn Breen² and Peter E Thornton¹, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (2)University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Scenarios Network for Alaska & Arctic Planning, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Laia Andreu-Hayles¹, Benjamin Gaglioti^1,2, Logan T. Berner³, Mathieu Levesque^4,5, Kevin J Anchukaitis^1,6, Scott J Goetz³ and Rosanne D'Arrigo¹, (1)Columbia University of New York, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, United States, (2)University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (3)Northern Arizona University, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, (4)Columbia University of New York, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, New York, United States, (5)Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland, (6)University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States

Megan Lu Liu, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Glen E Liston, Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Fort Collins, CO, United States, Adele Reinking, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Craig J Perham, BOEM, Anchorage, AK, United States and Richard T Shideler, ADFG, Fairbanks, AK, United States

Philip Marsh¹, Chris Derksen², Barun Majumder¹, Oliver Sonnentag³ and Branden Walker⁴, (1)Wilfrid Laurier University, Cold Regions Research Centre, Waterloo, ON, Canada, (2)Environment and Climate Change Canada, Climate Research Division, Toronto, ON, Canada, (3)University of Montreal, Department of Geography, Montreal, Canada, (4)Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Jennifer Watts¹, Susan Natali², Christina Minions³, Sarah Ludwig⁴, Brendan M Rogers⁵, David A Risk⁶, Scott J Goetz⁷, Oliver Sonnentag⁸, Adrian V Rocha⁹, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen¹⁰, Kyle Andreas Arndt¹¹, Donatella Zona¹², Elyn Humphreys¹³, Gerardo Celis¹⁴, Hiroki Ikawa¹⁵, Edward Schuur^16,17, Meghan Taylor¹⁷, Masahito Ueyama¹⁸, Hideki Kobayashi¹⁹, Rikie Suzuki²⁰, Peter Lafleur²¹, Margaret S Torn²², Sigrid Dengel²³, Bang-Yong Lee²⁴, Yongwon Kim²⁵, Manuel Helbig²⁶, Gabriel Hould Gosselin²⁷, John S Kimball²⁸, Justin Ledman¹⁰, Roisin Commane²⁹, Luke D Schiferl³⁰, Walter C Oechel³¹, Frans-Jan W Parmentier^32,33, Julie D Jastrow³⁴, Marguerite Mauritz¹⁷, Nima Madani³⁵, Charles E Miller³⁶, Leah Birch⁴ and Stan Wullschleger³⁷, (1)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, United States, (2)Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (3)St. Francis Xavier University, Earth Science, Antigonish, NS, Canada, (4)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (5)University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, (6)St. Francis Xavier University, Department of Earth Sciences, Antigonish, NS, Canada, (7)Northern Arizona University, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, (8)Université de Montréal, Département de Géographie, Montréal, QC, Canada, (9)Univ of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States, (10)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (11)Washington, DC, United States, (12)San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States, (13)Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, (14)University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, (15)International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (16)Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, (17)Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), Flagstaff, AZ, United States, (18)Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan, (19)Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan, (20)Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, Yokohama, Japan, (21)Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, (22)Berkeley Lab/UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (23)University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, (24)Korea Polar Research Institute, Division of Polar Climate Sciences, Incheon, South Korea, (25)Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (26)McMaster University, School Of Geography & Earth Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada, (27)University of Montreal, Department of Geography, Montreal, Canada, (28)The University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, Missoula, MT, United States, (29)Columbia University of New York City, Palisades, CA, United States, (30)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (31)San Diego State University, Global Change Research Group, San Diego, CA, United States, (32)The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway, (33)University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway, (34)Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Argonne, IL, United States, (35)NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (36)Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA, United States, (37)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States

Sarah Ludwig¹, Roisin Commane², Greg Fiske¹, Robert Max Holmes¹, Paul James Mann³, Susan Natali⁴, John D Schade¹, Ellen Bradley⁵, Gabriel Duran⁶, Henry Churchill Henson⁷, Lucy Packer⁸, Margaret Powell⁹, Aquanette Sanders¹⁰ and Anneka Williams¹¹, (1)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (2)Columbia University of New York City, Palisades, CA, United States, (3)Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, (4)Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (5)Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States, (6)University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimare, United States, (7)St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, (8)Student, Swannanoa, NC, United States, (9)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (10)University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science, Austin, TX, United States, (11)Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States

Go Iwahana¹, Robert Busey², Reginald R Muskett², Hiroshi Ohno³, Ji-Woong Yang⁴, Jinho Ahn⁵, Elizabeth LaDouceur² and Kazuyuki Saito⁶, (1)University of Alaska Fairbanks, International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (2)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (3)Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Japan, (4)Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, (5)Seoul National University, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South), (6)JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan

Aquanette Sanders¹, Henry Churchill Henson², Gabriel Duran³, Paul James Mann⁴, Susan Natali⁵, John D Schade⁶, Seeta Sistla⁷, Sarah Ludwig⁶, Bianca Rodriguez-Cardona⁸ and Rhys MacArthur⁹, (1)University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science, Austin, TX, United States, (2)St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, (3)University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimare, United States, (4)Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, (5)Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (6)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (7)University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, (8)University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, (9)Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, United States

Salvatore Rex Curasi¹, Ned Fetcher², Rebecca E Hewitt³, Peter Lafleur⁴, Michael M Loranty⁵, Michelle C Mack⁶, Jeremy L May⁷, Isla H Myers-Smith⁸, Susan Natali⁹, Steven F Oberbauer^7,10, Thomas C Parker¹¹, Oliver Sonnentag¹², Stan Wullschleger¹³ and Adrian V Rocha¹, (1)University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, United States, (2)Wilkes University, Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainability, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States, (3)Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Flagstaff, AZ, United States, (4)Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, (5)Colgate University, Geography, Hamilton, NY, United States, (6)University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, (7)Florida International University, Biological Sciences, Miami, FL, United States, (8)University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (9)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (10)Florida Intl Univ, Miami, FL, United States, (11)University of Stirling, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Stirling, United Kingdom, (12)Université de Montréal, Département de Géographie, Montréal, QC, Canada, (13)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States

Daniel Wesley, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada, Billy Garrison, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada, Ronald E Layden, Tidal Pool Ventures inc., Lunenburg, NS, Canada, Roger MacLeod, Natural Resources Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada, Scott Dallimore, Geological Survey of Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC, Canada and David A Risk, St. Francis Xavier University, Department of Earth Sciences, Antigonish, NS, Canada

Dedi Yang, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Holbrook, NY, United States, Andrew M McMahon, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences, Upton, NY, United States, Wouter Hantson, University of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Orono, ME, United States, Latha Baskaran, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Kenneth Davidson, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States, Kim Ely, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Upton, NY, United States, Daniel J Hayes, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, Charles E Miller, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA, United States, Sebastien Biraud, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States and Shawn Serbin, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, NY, United States

William Wagner¹, Paul Montesano², Christopher S R Neigh¹ and Margaret Wooten¹, (1)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, United States

Jan Eitel¹, Kevin Lee Griffin², Natalie Boelman², Arjan J Meddens¹, Johanna Jensen³, Lee Alexander Vierling¹, Andrew Maguire¹, Stephanie C Schmiege⁴ and Jyoti S. Jennewein⁵, (1)University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States, (2)Lamont-Doherty Earth Observ., Palisades, NY, United States, (3)Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, New York City, NY, United States, (4)Columbia University of New York, Palisades, NY, United States, (5)University of Idaho, Natural Resources and Society, Moscow, ID, United States

Gabriel Duran, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimare, United States, John D Schade, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, Susan Natali, Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, Sarah Ludwig, Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, Paul James Mann, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, Seeta Sistla, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, Bianca Rodriguez-Cardona, University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States and Aquanette Sanders, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science, Austin, TX, United States

Richard H Chen¹, Roger J Michaelides², Taylor D Sullivan³, Andy Parsekian³, Howard A Zebker⁴, Kevin M Schaefer⁵ and Mahta Moghaddam⁶, (1)University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)Stanford University, Geophysics, Stanford, CA, United States, (3)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States, (4)Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA, United States, (5)National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)University of Southern California, Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Paul O Wennberg, California Institute of Technology, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Pasadena, CA, United States, Junjie Liu, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Nicholas Parazoo, University of California Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Christian Frankenberg, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States and Yi Yin, Caltech, Pasadena, United States

Xi Yang¹, David A Lutz², Manuel Lerdau³, Michael W Palace⁴, Adrianna Foster³ and Herman Henry Shugart³, (1)University of Virginia, Environmental Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, United States, (2)Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States, (3)University of Virginia Main Campus, Charlottesville, VA, United States, (4)University of New Hampshire, Dept. of Earth Sciences and Earth Systems Research Center, Durham, NH, United States

Tianqi Zhang, Ohio State University Main Campus, Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, United States and Desheng Liu, The Ohio State University, Department of Geography, Columbus, OH, United States

Jonathan Wang^1,2, Alessandro Baccini³, Mary Farina³ and Mark A Friedl⁴, (1)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (2)University of California Irvine, Earth Systems Science, Irvine, CA, United States, (3)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (4)Boston University, Earth and Environment, Boston, MA, United States

Ellis David Lyles¹, Susan Natali², Sarah Ludwig³, Seeta Sistla⁴, John D Schade⁵, Rhys MacArthur⁶ and Natalie Baillargeon⁶, (1)Polaris Project, Washington, DC, United States, (2)Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (3)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (4)University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, (5)St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States, (6)Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, United States

Sigrid Dengel¹, Oriana Chafe^1,2, Margaret S Torn³ and Stan Wullschleger⁴, (1)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)University of Oregon, Eugene, CA, United States, (3)Berkeley Lab/UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States

Cory Wallace, Wilfrid Laurier University, Geography and Environmental Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Philip Marsh, Wilfrid Laurier University, Cold Regions Research Centre, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Evan Wilcox, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada and Jennifer Lynn Baltzer, Wilfrid Laurier University, Biology, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Darren Drewry¹, Charles E Miller², Christian Frankenberg³, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen⁴, Adrian V Rocha⁵, Marion Syndonia Bret-Harte⁴ and Oliver Sonnentag⁶, (1)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (2)Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA, United States, (3)NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (4)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (5)Univ of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States, (6)Université de Montréal, Département de Géographie, Montréal, QC, Canada

Peter Nelson, University of Maine at Fort Kent, Arts and Sciences Division, Fort Kent, ME, United States and Kevaughan Smith, University of Maine-Fort Kent, Natural and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Kent, ME, United States

Mary Farina^1,2, Jennifer Watts³, Scott L Powell⁴, Susan Natali⁵, Roisin Commane⁶, Margaret Powell⁷, Luke D Schiferl⁷, Nicole Jacobs⁸, Charles E Miller⁹, Clayton Elder¹⁰, Katey M Walter Anthony¹¹, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen¹², Hailey Webb¹³, Nathaniel Barnes¹, Masahito Ueyama¹⁴ and John S Kimball¹⁵, (1)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States, (2)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (3)Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, United States, (4)Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, MT, United States, (5)Woods Hole Science Center, Falmouth, MA, United States, (6)Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, United States, (7)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (8)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States, (9)Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA, United States, (10)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (11)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (12)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (13)Montana State University, Bozeman, United States, (14)Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan, (15)The University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, Missoula, MT, United States

Christopher Liam Cosgrove, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States and Anne W. Nolin, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, OR, United States

William Cox, University of Guelph, Integrative Biology, Guelph, ON, Canada, Merritt R Turetsky, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, Thomas A Douglas, USA CRREL Alaska, Fort Wainwright, AK, United States, Catherine M Dieleman, University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph, ON, Canada and Evan S Kane, Michigan Technological University, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Houghton, MI, United States

Chao Gao, China University of Geosciences, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, Wuhan, China, Xiaoguo Yu, Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, China, Yi Yang, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, Huan Yang, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Wuhan, China, Xiaoxia Lv, China University of Geosciences, College of Marine Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, Hongmei Wang, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Wuhan, China and Xiaoyan Ruan, Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China

Margaret Wooten¹, Christopher S R Neigh¹, Paul Montesano² and William Wagner¹, (1)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, United States