PC009
Marine heatwaves and ocean biogeochemical extremes

Session ID#: 85718

Session Description:
Periods of prolonged and extremely high ocean temperatures, known as marine heatwaves, have negatively impacted marine organisms and ecosystems throughout the global ocean. Projections under global warming suggest that these heatwaves will increase in frequency, duration, and intensity, leading to a high risk of severe, pervasive and in some cases irreversible impacts on natural and socio-economic systems. Combined with the progression of extreme events in ocean acidification and deoxygenation, marine heatwaves expand the dimensions of such events. Of particular concern are compound events with multiple concurrent or consecutive drivers (e.g. marine heatwaves co-occur with hypoxic conditions) that may exacerbate consequences for marine ecosystems. Although there are a few studies on individual and compound extreme events in the ocean, the underlying drivers and the degree to which they can be represented in current climate models is currently unknown, making it difficult to design appropriate management strategies.

This session seeks current knowledge as well as new and evolving insights into modeling and observational efforts that advance our understanding of the regional and global changes in marine extreme events (heatwaves, hypoxia, acidification, nutrient stress) and how these events impact marine organisms, biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Index Terms:

1616 Climate variability [GLOBAL CHANGE]
1630 Impacts of global change [GLOBAL CHANGE]
4263 Ocean predictability and prediction [OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL]
4271 Physical and chemical properties of seawater [OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL]
4273 Physical and biogeochemical interactions [OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL]
4504 Air/sea interactions [OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL]
4834 Hypoxic environments [OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL]
4954 Sea surface temperature [OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL]

Primary Chair:  Thomas L Froelicher, University of Bern, Climate and Environmental Physics, Bern, Switzerland
Co-chairs:  Hillary A Scannell1, SOFIA Darmaraki2 and Robert Schlegel2, (1)University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, United States(2)Dalhousie University, Oceanography, Halifax, Canada
Primary Liaison:  Thomas L Froelicher, Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ, United States
 
Marine Biogeochemical Extreme Events in European Shelf Seas (539433)
Oliver Andrews, University of Bristol, School of Geographical Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
 
Marine heatwaves reveal coral reef zones susceptible to bleaching (636811)
Lily Genevier1, Tahira Jamil1, Dionysios E Raitsos2,3, George Krokos1 and Ibrahim Hoteit1, (1)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, (2)Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth, United Kingdom, (3)National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Biology, Athens, Greece
 
Extreme Marine Heatwaves –common characteristics, drivers and impacts (638002)
Alexander Sen Gupta, ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Sydney, Australia, Mads S Thomsen, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand, New Zealand, Jessica Benthuysen, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia, Alistair J Hobday, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Eric Oliver, Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography, Halifax, NS, Canada, Lisa Alexander, University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Michael T Burrows, Scottish Marine Institute, Department of Ecology, Oban, United Kingdom, Markus Donat, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain, Ming Feng, CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA, Australia, Neil John Holbrook, University of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick, University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Pippa J Moore, Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom, Regina Rodrigues, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil, Hillary A Scannell, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, United States, Andrea Taschetto, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Caroline Ummenhofer, WHOI, Woods Hole, MA, United States, Thomas Wernberg, The University of Western Australia, UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, Perth, WA, Australia and Dan E Smale, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
 
Common cause for severe droughts in South America and marine heatwaves in the South Atlantic (639179)
Regina Rodrigues, UFSC Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, Andrea Taschetto, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Alexander Sen Gupta, University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Gregory R Foltz, NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL, United States
 
Spatial variability in the resistance and resilience of giant kelp in southern and Baja California to a multiyear heatwave (641607)
Kyle C Cavanaugh, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Geography, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Daniel Reed, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Tom William Bell, University of California, Santa Barbara, Earth Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Max Castorani, University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, United States and Rodrigo Beas-Luna, Autonomous University of Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, BJ, Mexico
 
Using seasonal forecasts to manage impacts of extreme ocean temperatures on marine industries (642680)
Claire M Spillman1, Grant A Smith1, Alistair J Hobday2, Jason R Hartog3, Catherine de Burgh-Day1 and J Paige Eveson4, (1)Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, (2)CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia, (3)Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia, (4)CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
 
Marine Heatwaves Impacts on the Global Surface Phytoplankton Variability (642693)
Kyung Min Noh1, Hyung-Gyu Lim1,2 and Jong-Seong Kug1, (1)Pohang University of Science and Engineering, Pohang, South Korea, (2)AOS program in Princeton Univ / NOAA-GFDL, Princeton, NJ, United States
 
Primary Drivers of Marine Heatwaves in the Northwest Atlantic (643160)
Robert Schlegel, Dalhousie University, Oceanography, Halifax, Canada, Ke Chen, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst, Woods Hole, MA, United States and Eric Oliver, Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography, Halifax, NS, Canada
 
Partitioning uncertainty in the projection of coral collapse using Large Ensembles of multiple Earth System Models (644283)
Sarah Schlunegger1, Keith B Rodgers2, Jorge L Sarmiento3, Thomas L Froelicher4,5, John P Dunne6, Tatiana Ilyina7, Yohei Takano7, James R Christian8, Matthew C Long9, Richard Slater1 and Nicole Rinaldi10, (1)Princeton University, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton, NJ, United States, (2)IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea, (3)Princeton University, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton, NJ, United States, (4)Universtity of Bern, Climate and Environmental Physics, Bern, Switzerland, (5)Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, (6)NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynamic, Princeton, United States, (7)Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, (8)Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada, (9)National Center for Atm Res, Boulder, CO, United States, (10)Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
 
Deep marine heatwaves: relating drivers and characteristics. (644638)
Amandine Schaeffer1, Youstina Elzahaby2 and Moninya Roughan2, (1)University of New South Wales, Coastal and Regional Oceanography Lab, School of Maths and Statistics, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (2)University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
 
Long-term trends and spatial patterns of marine heatwaves in the East Sea (645182)
Il-Nam Kim1, Joo-Eun Yoon1, Hyun-Ju Oh2, Jae-Dong Hwang2 and Ju-Hyoung Kim3, (1)Incheon National University, Department of Marine Science, Incheon, South Korea, (2)National Institute of Fisheries Science, South Korea, (3)Kunsan National University, Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Gunsan, South Korea
 
'Influence of diurnal primary production on projections of future ocean chemistry extremes' (645739)
Olivier Torres, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France, Lester Kwiatkowski, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LSCE, Paris, France, Adrienne J Sutton, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States and James C Orr, LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
 
Mediterranean Marine Heatwaves: Past Variability, Future Evolution and Physical Drivers (645988)
SOFIA Darmaraki, University of Dalhousie, Oceanography, Halifax, NS, Canada, Samuel Somot, CNRM (Météo-France and CNRS), Toulouse, France, Robin Waldman, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM), Meteo France/CNRS, Toulouse, France, Florence Sevault, CNRM / Météo-France, Toulouse, France and Pierre Nabat, METEO FRANCE/CNRM, Toulouse, France
 
Changes in variability under projected warming alter ocean acidity extremes (646299)
Friedrich Burger1,2, Thomas L Froelicher1,2 and Jasmin G John3, (1)University of Bern, Climate and Environmental Physics, Bern, Switzerland, (2)Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, (3)NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, United States
 
A new ocean state after nuclear winter (646606)
Cheryl S Harrison, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Science, Edinburg, TX, United States, Tyler Rohr, Knauss/DOE, Washington, DC, United States, Alice K DuVivier, Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, Elizabeth Maroon, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States, Nicole S Lovenduski, University of Colorado, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, Charles Bardeen, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, Samantha Stevenson, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Alan Robock, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States, Owen B Toon, Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, Joshua Livingston Coupe, Rutgers University, Environmental Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States, Jessica Stevens, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Port Isabel, TX, United States, Philipp Neubauer, Dragonfly Science, Wellington, New Zealand and Victor Rangel, Texas A&M University, United States
 
Coupled Climate Stressors along the West Coast of North America: Drought, Marine Heat Waves, HABs, and Hypoxia (647567)
Ryan R Rykaczewski1, Marisol Garcia-Reyes2, William J Sydeman2, Bryan Black3, Steven James Bograd4 and Michael Jacox4, (1)NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, United States, (2)Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, United States, (3)University of Arizona, Tucson, United States, (4)NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, United States
 
Impacts of Marine Heatwaves on Euphausia pacifica in the Northern California Current (648154)
Christine Cass, Humboldt State University, Oceanography, Arcata, CA, United States, Eric Bjorkstedt, NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Department of Fisheries Biology, Humboldt State University, CA, United States and Roxanne Robertson, Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC), Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, United States
 
Unexpected Positive Effects of the Pacific Marine Heatwave on Zooplankton and Juvenile Salmon in the Salish Sea (648730)
Julie E Keister1, Amanda K Winans1, BethElLee Herrmann1 and Iris Kemp2, (1)University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, United States, (2)Long Live the Kings, Seattle, United States
 
Using a Long-term Landsat Timeseries to Understand the Effect of Marine Heatwaves on Unprecedented Declines in Northern California Bull Kelp (648799)
Meredith L McPHERSON, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States, Dennis Finger, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Raphael Martin Kudela, University of California Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA, United States and Henry Francis Houskeeper, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
 
Coastal Marine Heatwave Analysis: Distribution, Characteristics and Climate Change Impact (648897)
Maxime Marin1, Ming Feng2, Helen Elizabeth Phillips3 and Nathaniel L. Bindoff3, (1)CSIRO, Crawley, WA, Australia, (2)CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA, Australia, (3)University of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Hobart, TAS, Australia
 
The 2019 Reappearance of the Northeast Pacific Marine Heatwave (649029)
Hillary A Scannell, Stephen Riser and Luanne Thompson, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, United States
 
What Causes Heatwaves in the Ocean? (649320)
Neil John Holbrook1, Hillary A Scannell2, Alexander Sen Gupta3, Jessica Benthuysen4, Ming Feng5, Eric C Oliver, Lisa Alexander3, Michael T Burrows7, Markus Donat8, Alistair J Hobday9, Pippa J Moore10, Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick11, Dan E Smale12, Sandra E Straub13 and Thomas Wernberg13, (1)University of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Hobart, TAS, Australia, (2)University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, United States, (3)University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (4)Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia, (5)CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA, Australia, (6)Scottish Marine Institute, Department of Ecology, Oban, United Kingdom, (7)University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (8)CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia, (9)Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom, (10)University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (11)Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (12)The University of Western Australia, UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, Perth, WA, Australia
 
Major climate drivers of East Asian marine heatwaves (650475)
Myung-Sook Park, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea, Seonju Lee, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, United States, MinHo Kwon, KIOST Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Korea, Republic of (South), Young-Ho Kim, Pukyong National University, South Korea and Young-Gyu Park, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Korea, Republic of (South)
 
Changes in marine heatwaves globally over the 20th and 21st centuries (650732)
Eric Oliver1, Markus Donat2, Michael T Burrows3, Pippa J Moore4, Dan E Smale5, Lisa Alexander6, Jessica Benthuysen7, Ming Feng8, Alexander Sen Gupta6, Neil John Holbrook9, Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick10, Hillary A Scannell11, Sandra E Straub12, Mads S Thomsen13 and Thomas Wernberg12, (1)Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography, Halifax, NS, Canada, (2)Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain, (3)Scottish Marine Institute, Department of Ecology, Oban, United Kingdom, (4)Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom, (5)Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (6)University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (7)Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia, (8)CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA, Australia, (9)University of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Hobart, TAS, Australia, (10)University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (11)University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, United States, (12)The University of Western Australia, UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, Perth, WA, Australia, (13)School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand, New Zealand
 
Changes and Extreme Events in Temperature of an Ocean Reanalysis Product around Japan (650733)
Toru Miyama and Yasumasa Miyazawa, JAMSTEC, Application Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan
 
The Discovery of New Coastal Climate Mode: Chile Niño/Niña (652231)
Jiaqing Xue1, Jing-Jia Luo1, Chaoxia Yuan1 and Toshio Yamagata1,2, (1)NUIST Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, (2)JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
 
Recent Extremes in North Pacific Climate and the 2019 Alaskan Heatwave (652616)
Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Georgia Institute of Technology Main Campus, Program in Ocean Science & Engineering, Atlanta, GA, United States and Dillon J Amaya, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States
 
Variability of Marine Heatwave Events in the Southeast Indian Ocean using an Ocean General Circulation Model (652973)
Svenja Ryan1, Caroline Ummenhofer1, Glen Gawarkiewicz1, Markus Scheinert2, Arne Biastoch2 and Claus W Boning2, (1)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (2)GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
 
The Blob and Queen Charlotte: Predicting Ocean Properties in an Upwelling System during Anomalous Conditions (653003)
Hayley V Dosser, University of British Columbia, Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Stephanie Waterman, University of British Columbia, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Jennifer Jackson, Hakai Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada and Charles G Hannah, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada
 
What Caused the Warm Anomalies at Depth in the Northern Gulf of Alaska in 2019? (653313)
Nicholas A Bond, University of Washington Seattle Campus, Seattle, WA, United States and Phyllis J Stabeno, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States
 
Regional Wind Patterns and the Spatial Structure of Marine Heat Waves off the Western United States (653325)
Melanie R Fewings, Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States and Kevin Scott Brown, Oregon State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Corvallis, OR, United States
 
Mechanisms and Predictability of the 2013-2016 Northeast Pacific Marine Heat Wave (653349)
Antonietta Capotondi, University of Colorado at Boulder/CIRES and NOAA/ESRL/PSD, Boulder, CO, United States and Prashant D Sardeshmukh, CIRES, Boulder, CO, United States; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, United States
 
Marine Heat Waves Alter Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Columbia River Estuary (653409)
Taylor Dodrill, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States, Joseph A Needoba, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States and Tawnya D Peterson, Oregon Health & Science Univ, School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States
 
Oceanographic Processes on North-Central California Margin Plankton: A Heatwave and a Decade of Carbonate Chemistry. (653445)
Carina Fish1, Tessa M Hill2, Meredith L. Elliott3, Catherine V Davis4, Danielle Lipski5 and Jaime Jahncke3, (1)University of California Davis, Bodega Marine Laboratory, Davis, CA, United States, (2)University California Davis, Earth and Planetary Sciences and Bodega Marine Laboratory, Davis, CA, United States, (3)Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, United States, (4)University of South Carolina Columbia, School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, Columbia, SC, United States, (5)Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Point Reyes Station, CA, United States
 
Contrasting hemispheric responses in seasonal surface ocean pH extremes (654073)
Luke Gregor1, Nicolas Gruber2, Meike Vogt1 and Matthias Munnich3, (1)ETH Zurich, Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland, (2)ETH Zurich, Environmental Physics, Zurich, Switzerland, (3)ETH Zurich, Environmental Systems Science, Switzerland
 
Double and triple whammies: Compound extremes in ocean biogeochemistry (655365)
Nicolas Gruber1, Luke Gregor2, Eike Koehn2, Matthias Munnich3, Flora Desmet2, Urs Hofmann2 and Meike Vogt2, (1)ETH Zurich, Environmental Physics, Zurich, Switzerland, (2)ETH Zurich, Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland, (3)ETH Zurich, Environmental Systems Science, Switzerland
 
Effects of Pacific Ocean oscillations on localised upwelling in the Hawaiian Archipelago and Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (655578)
Stacey Carless1, Mattias Green1 and Gareth J Williams2, (1)Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor, LL59, United Kingdom, (2)School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
 
Influence of the 2013-2015 marine heatwave on zooplankton community structure in the lower Cook Inlet, Alaska (656626)
Caitlin Mckinstry1, Robert W Campbell1 and Kris Holderied2, (1)Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, United States, (2)National Centers of Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, Kasitsna Bay Laboratory, Homer, AK, United States
 
Amplification of marine heatwaves in shallow coastal bays (657252)
Patricia Wiberg, University of Virginia, Environmental Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, United States
 
Deep Learning to predict the Marine Heatwaves over East Asian Marginal Seas (658026)
Seonju Lee, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, South Korea and Myung-Sook Park, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea
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